Plagiarism, and how to avoid it · 抄袭与如何避免
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| Plagiarism/ˈpleɪdʒərɪzəm/ | 抄袭 | chāo xí |
| quoting/ˈkwəʊtɪŋ/ | 引用原文 | yǐn yòng yuán wén |
| paraphrasing/ˈpærəfreɪzɪŋ/ | 改写 | gǎi xiě |
| summarising/ˈsʌməraɪzɪŋ/ | 概括 | gài kuò |
| citation/saɪˈteɪʃn/ | 引用 | yǐn yòng |
| reference list/ˈrefrəns lɪst/ | 参考文献表 | cān kǎo wén xiàn biǎo |
Borrowed ideas still need credit
- Plagiarism 抄袭 presents another person’s words or ideas as your own. Academic writing should distinguish your contribution from the sources it uses.
- Follow your centre’s referencing and collaboration instructions. Possible consequences depend on the institution and case; this lesson does not claim one universal penalty or rule for every university.
借鉴的观点仍需署名
- 抄袭 将他人的文字或观点当作自己的呈现。学术写作应区分自己的贡献与所使用的来源。
- 请遵循所在机构的引用与合作指南。可能的后果取决于具体院校和个案；本课不宣称每所大学都有统一的惩罚措施或规则。
Three ways to use a source
- Quoting 引用原文 uses exact words with quotation marks and source credit. Paraphrasing 改写 uses your own wording and sentence structure while retaining the idea and its limits.
- Summarising 概括 condenses a longer text to its main points. Paraphrases and summaries still need credit for borrowed ideas.
使用来源的三种方式
- 引用原文 使用带引号的 exact words 并注明来源。改写 使用自己的措辞和句式，同时保留原意及其限制条件。
- 概括 将较长文本压缩至核心要点。改写和概括仍需对借鉴的观点进行署名。
Match each way of using a source to what it does. · 把使用材料的每种方式与其含义配对。
All three need source credit for borrowed material; exact quotations additionally need quotation marks. Keep the source meaning and required reference details. · 这三者均需对借鉴内容署名；直接引语还需加引号。保持原文意义及必需的参考细节。
Credit and accuracy work together
- The fictional Lin notebook reports slower growth in one shaded tray, while acknowledging uncontrolled conditions. A faithful paraphrase preserves both the observation and the limitation.
- “Lin proves shade always prevents growth” distorts the source even with a citation. Changing a few words or adding a source label cannot repair an inaccurate meaning.
署名与准确性相辅相成
- 虚构的林笔记本报告称其中一个遮光托盘生长较慢，同时也承认存在不可控条件。忠实的改写应同时保留观察结果和局限性。
- “林证明了阴影总是阻碍生长”即使带有引用也歪曲了来源。仅修改几个词语或添加来源标签无法修复不准确的意义。
Supplied fictional Lin (2026) note: shaded seedlings grew more slowly during seven days, but conditions were not controlled. Which paraphrase preserves the meaning and gives credit? · 提供的虚构林（2026）笔记：遮光幼苗在七天内生长较慢，但条件未受控制。哪一项改写保留了原意并给出了署名？
The credited paraphrase preserves both the limited observation and the uncontrolled-condition warning. A citation cannot repair a false universal or causal claim. · 有署名的改写保留了有限的观察和无控条件的警告。引用无法修复错误的普遍性或因果主张。
A properly paraphrased idea does not need a citation. · 改写得当的观点就不需要标注出处了。
A genuine paraphrase still borrows an idea, so it needs source credit according to the task’s rules. · 真正的改写仍借鉴了观点，因此根据任务规则需要来源署名。
Record the full source
- A citation 引用 points to the source; the reference list 参考文献表 gives the required full details. Use the referencing style the task requires, rather than assuming any consistent style is acceptable.
- Record author, date, title and relevant page when taking notes. Label exact quotations immediately so they cannot later be confused with your own wording.
记录完整来源
- 引用 指向来源；参考文献表 提供所需的全部详细信息。请使用任务要求的引用格式，不要假设任何一致的格式都是可接受的。
- 记笔记时记录作者、日期、标题及相关页码。立即标注 exact quotations，以免日后与自己的措辞混淆。
When should you write the citation for a quotation? · 引文的出处应该在什么时候写?
Record the source while copying the quotation, so exact borrowed wording cannot be mistaken for your own notes later. · 抄录引文时记录来源，以免日后将直接借鉴的措辞误认为是自己的笔记。
Translation does not transfer ownership
- Translating a borrowed passage changes its language, not whose idea it is. Credit the source and indicate translated quotation or paraphrase according to the task’s rules.
- Separate source notes, paraphrases and your own comments. A two-column method can help, but still check citations and meaning before submission; no note format makes plagiarism impossible.
翻译不会转移所有权
- 翻译借鉴的段落只是改变了语言，并未改变观点的归属。应根据任务规则为来源署名，并注明是翻译的引用还是改写。
- 将来源笔记、改写内容和自己的评论分开。双栏法可能有所帮助，但在提交前仍须检查引用和意义；没有任何笔记格式能完全杜绝抄袭。
Translating a Chinese source into English without a citation is plagiarism. · 把中文材料译成英语却不标出处,属于抄袭。
Translation changes language rather than ownership of the borrowed idea. Credit the source and label source use appropriately. · 翻译改变的是语言而非所借鉴观点的所有权。应对来源署名并适当标注来源使用方式。
Practise using an original classroom source
- Use the supplied fictional source in sheet 2.5 to write a credited paraphrase, a short exact quotation and a full reference entry. It is a classroom note, not published research.
- Compare your work against both the source and local task instructions. Check that you have not added a causal proof, a universal result or an invented publication detail.
Preserve source meaning, distinguish borrowed work and provide the required credit.
练习使用原创课堂来源
- 使用第2.5页提供的虚构来源撰写带署名的改写、简短 exact quotation 及完整参考条目。这是一份课堂笔记，而非已发表的研究成果。
- 将你的作品同时与来源和本地任务指令进行比对。检查是否添加了因果证明、普遍结论或虚构的出版细节。
保留来源含义，区分借鉴内容并提供必要的署名。
Paraphrase this supplied fictional classroom source, retaining its limit and credit: “During seven days, the shaded tray grew more slowly, but uncontrolled conditions prevent us from identifying shade as the sole cause (Lin, 2026, p. 2).” · 改写此提供的虚构课堂来源，保留其限定和署名：“在七天内，遮光托盘生长较慢，但未受控的条件使我们无法认定遮光是唯一原因（林，2026年，第2页）。”
Example: “Lin’s seven-day comparison showed slower growth in the shaded tray, but the uncontrolled setup cannot isolate shade as the only cause (Lin, 2026, p. 2).” This is a fictional classroom source. · 示例：“林的七天对比显示遮光托盘生长较慢，但未受控的设置无法将遮光隔离为唯一原因（林，2026年，第2页）。”这是一则虚构课堂来源。