Legal and Ethical Concerns · 法律与伦理关切
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| Intellectual property/ˌɪntəˈlektʃuːəl ˈprɒpəti/ | 知识产权 | zhī shí chǎn quán |
| Copyright/ˈkɒpɪraɪt/ | 版权 | bǎn quán |
| Creative Commons/kriːˈeɪtɪv ˈkɒmənz/ | 知识共享 | zhī shí gòng xiǎng |
| Open-source/ˈəʊpən sɔːs/ | 开源 | kāi yuán |
| ethics/ˈeθɪks/ | 伦理 | lún lǐ |
| privacy/ˈprɪvəsi/ | 隐私 | yǐn sī |
Rules protect creators
- Digital work is easy to copy, so rules protect the people who make it.
- Intellectual property 知识产权 is the legal ownership of creations of the mind.
- Copyright 版权 automatically gives a creator control over how their work is copied and used.
- You need permission to reuse copyrighted work.
规则保护创作者
- 数字作品容易复制,所以规则保护制作它们的人。
- 知识产权(intellectual property)是对心智创作的法律所有权。
- 版权(copyright)自动给创作者控制其作品如何被复制和使用的权力。
- 你需要许可才能重用受版权保护的作品。
Copyright gives a creator: · 版权给创作者:
It is automatic legal ownership of the work. · 它是对作品的自动法律所有权。
Sharing more freely
- Creators can choose to share more openly.
- A Creative Commons 知识共享 license grants specific permissions in advance — for example, "use my photo if you credit me".
- Open-source 开源 software is released with its code free to use, study, and improve.
- These let others build on your work legally.
更自由地分享
- 创作者能选择更开放地分享。
- 一个知识共享(Creative Commons)许可预先授予特定的许可——例如,"如果你署名就用我的照片"。
- 开源(open-source)软件发布时其代码可自由使用、研究和改进。
- 这些让他人合法地在你的作品上构建。
Free to reuse, or protected? · 可自由重用,还是受保护?
Copyright protects a work by default, so reusing it needs permission; Creative Commons and open-source grant permission in advance. · 版权默认保护一个作品,所以重用它需要许可;知识共享和开源预先授予许可。
A Creative Commons license lets a creator: · 一个知识共享许可让创作者:
It states permissions ahead of time. · 它提前说明许可。
Software released with its code free to use, study, and improve is ______-source. · 发布时其代码可自由使用、研究和改进的软件是______源的。
Open-source code can be built upon legally. · 开源代码能被合法地在其上构建。
Legal vs ethical
- Beyond the law lies ethics 伦理 — what is right, not just what is allowed.
- Using material legally is not always the same as using it ethically.
- Collecting and using people's personal data can raise ethical concerns even when legal.
- A responsible developer respects privacy 隐私.
合法与合乎伦理
- 法律之外是伦理(ethics)——什么是对的,而非只是什么被允许。
- 合法地使用材料未必等同于合乎伦理地使用它。
- 收集和使用人们的个人数据即使合法也能引起伦理关切。
- 一个负责任的开发者尊重隐私(privacy)。
Using data legally is not always the same as using it ethically. · 合法地使用数据未必等同于合乎伦理地使用它。
Some legal uses still raise ethical concerns, like privacy. · 一些合法使用仍引起伦理关切,像隐私。
For a school website, the best choice is a Creative Commons attribution photo and: · 对一个学校网站,最好的选择是一张知识共享署名照片,并且:
Crediting the author respects the license and is ethical. · 为作者署名尊重许可且合乎伦理。
A responsible developer respecting privacy means they: · 一个尊重隐私的负责任开发者意味着他们:
Respecting privacy is an ethical duty beyond the law. · 尊重隐私是法律之外的伦理责任。
Responsible use
- A responsible developer is honest about how data is used and credits others' work.
- Doing the legal thing and the ethical thing together is the goal.
Choosing an image. A photo marked "all rights reserved" is copyrighted — copying it without permission is illegal. A Creative Commons "attribution" photo is legal to use if you credit the author. Choosing the second and adding the credit is both legal and ethical; taking the first without asking is neither.
负责任的使用
- 一个负责任的开发者对数据如何被使用诚实,并为他人的作品署名。
- 同时做合法的事和合乎伦理的事是目标。
选择一张图片。 一张标为"保留所有权利"的照片是受版权保护的——未经许可复制它是违法的。一张知识共享"署名"照片是合法使用的,如果你为作者署名。选第二张并加署名既合法又合乎伦理;不问就拿第一张两者都不是。
Intellectual property and copyright protect creators, so reusing work usually needs permission. Creative Commons licenses and open-source code grant permission in advance. Beyond the law lies ethics: using data legally is not always ethical, so respect privacy, be honest, and credit others.
知识产权和版权保护创作者,所以重用作品通常需要许可。知识共享许可和开源代码预先授予许可。法律之外是伦理:合法地使用数据未必合乎伦理,所以尊重隐私、诚实,并为他人署名。