Beneficial and Harmful Effects · 有益与有害的影响
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| computing innovation/kəmˈpjuːtɪŋ ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/ | 计算创新 | jì suàn chuàng xīn |
| beneficial/ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl/ | 有益的 | yǒu yì de |
| harmful/ˈhɑːmfl/ | 有害的 | yǒu hài de |
| unintended consequences/ˌʌnɪnˈtendɪd ˈkɒnsɪkwənsɪz/ | 意外后果 | yì wài hòu guǒ |
Good and bad at once
- Every computing innovation 计算创新 — a new piece of software or hardware — can have both good and bad effects.
- The same tool often helps and harms at once.
- So we should never assume an innovation is purely good or purely bad.
- The AP exam asks you to weigh both sides.
同时有好有坏
- 每个计算创新(computing innovation)——一个新的软件或硬件——都能有好和坏的效果。
- 同一个工具常常同时帮助和伤害。
- 所以我们永远不该假设一个创新纯粹好或纯粹坏。
- AP 考试要求你权衡两面。
A computing innovation is: · 一个计算创新是:
It can have both good and bad effects. · 它能有好和坏的效果。
One effect, different views
- A single effect can be beneficial 有益的 to some people and harmful 有害的 to others.
- A ride-sharing app is great for riders and drivers — but hurts traditional taxi firms.
- Who benefits and who is harmed often depends on where you stand.
- Fair evaluation names both groups.
一个效果,不同的看法
- 一个单一效果对一些人可以是有益的(beneficial),对另一些人是有害的(harmful)。
- 一个共享出行应用对乘客和司机很好——但伤害传统出租车公司。
- 谁受益、谁受害常常取决于你站在哪里。
- 公平的评估要点出两个群体。
Beneficial, harmful, or unintended? · 有益、有害,还是意外?
The same innovation can benefit some and harm others, and can bring unintended consequences its creators never planned. · 同一个创新能让一些人受益、另一些人受害,并能带来创造者从未计划的意外后果。
The same innovation can be beneficial to one group and harmful to another. · 同一个创新对一个群体有益,对另一个有害。
A ride-share app helps riders but hurts taxi firms. · 一个共享出行应用帮乘客但伤害出租车公司。
Beyond the intended purpose
- An innovation can have effects beyond its intended purpose — uses its creators never planned.
- These surprises are called unintended consequences 意外后果.
- They can be good or bad, and often appear only once many people use the tool.
- Thinking ahead about them is part of responsible design.
超出预期目的
- 一个创新能有超出其预期目的的效果——它的创造者从未计划的用途。
- 这些意外叫意外后果(unintended consequences)。
- 它们可以是好或坏,常常只在许多人使用工具后才出现。
- 提前想到它们是负责任设计的一部分。
Effects an innovation's creators never planned are called unintended . · 一个创新的创造者从未计划的效果叫意外。
They can be good or bad, and appear as people use the tool. · 它们可以是好或坏,随着人们使用工具而出现。
A navigation app recording everywhere each user goes is mainly a: · 一个记录每个用户去过每个地方的导航应用主要是一个:
That data can be sold or leaked, harming users. · 那些数据可以被卖或泄露,伤害用户。
To judge an innovation fairly, you should: · 要公平地判断一个创新,你应该:
Most innovations carry benefits and harms together. · 大多数创新同时带有好处和害处。
Unintended consequences can be good as well as bad. · 意外后果可以是好的也可以是坏的。
They are simply effects beyond the intended purpose. · 它们只是超出预期目的的效果。
Weigh both sides
- To judge an innovation fairly, weigh its benefits against its harms.
- Do not assume it is all good or all bad.
Navigation apps. Built to help people find their way — a clear benefit. But the same app records everywhere each user goes, which can be sold or leaked (a privacy harm), and heavy re-routing can flood quiet streets (an unintended consequence for residents). One innovation, benefits and harms together.
权衡两面
- 要公平地判断一个创新,把它的好处与它的害处相权衡。
- 别假设它全好或全坏。
导航应用。 为帮人们找路而建——一个明显的好处。但同一个应用记录每个用户去过的每个地方,这可以被卖或泄露(一个隐私害处),而大量改道能淹没安静的街道(对居民的一个意外后果)。一个创新,好处和害处一起。
Every computing innovation can be both beneficial and harmful — often to different people at once (a ride-share app helps riders, hurts taxis). It can also bring unintended consequences beyond its intended purpose. Judge an innovation by weighing both sides, never assuming it is purely good or bad.
每个计算创新都能既有益又有害——常常同时对不同的人(一个共享出行应用帮乘客、伤害出租车)。它还能带来超出预期目的的意外后果。通过权衡两面来判断一个创新,永不假设它纯粹好或坏。