The Internet · 互联网
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| Internet/ˈɪntənet/ | 互联网 | hù lián wǎng |
| protocols/ˈprəʊtəkɒlz/ | 协议 | xié yì |
| packets/ˈpækɪts/ | 数据包 | shù jù bāo |
| IP address/ˌaɪ ˈpiː əˈdres/ | 网际协议地址 | wǎng jì xié yì dì zhǐ |
| World Wide Web/wɜːld waɪd web/ | 万维网 | wàn wéi wǎng |
| redundancy/rɪˈdʌndənsi/ | 冗余 | rǒng yú |
A network of networks
- The Internet 互联网 is a network of interconnected networks — millions of smaller ones joined into one global system.
- What lets so many different machines cooperate is a shared set of rules called protocols 协议.
- A protocol is simply an agreed set of rules for how systems format and exchange data.
- So a phone from one company can talk to a server built by another.
网络的网络
- 互联网(Internet)是一个互连网络的网络——数百万个更小的网络连成一个全球系统。
- 让这么多不同的机器合作的,是一套共享的规则,叫协议(protocols)。
- 一个协议只是一套约定的规则,规定系统如何格式化和交换数据。
- 于是一家公司的手机能和另一家建的服务器对话。
The Internet is: · 互联网是:
Millions of smaller networks joined into one global system. · 数百万个更小的网络连成一个全球系统。
An agreed set of rules for how systems exchange data is a . · 关于系统如何交换数据的一套约定规则是一个。
Protocols let different machines cooperate. · 协议让不同的机器合作。
Data travels as packets
- Data does not travel as one big block — it is chopped into small packets 数据包.
- Each packet carries a piece of the message plus address information.
- Packets travel independently, possibly by different routes, and are reassembled in order on arrival.
- To find their destination, they use the IP address 网际协议地址 — a unique number for each device.
数据以数据包传输
- 数据不作为一个大块传输——它被切成小的数据包(packets)。
- 每个数据包携带消息的一片加上地址信息。
- 数据包独立地传输,可能走不同的路线,并在到达时按顺序重组。
- 为找到目的地,它们用网际协议地址(IP address)——每台设备的一个唯一编号。
How a message travels as packets · 一条消息如何以数据包传输
A message is split into packets, each addressed and numbered, routed independently across the network, then reassembled in order at the destination. · 一条消息被分成数据包,每个被寻址和编号,独立地在网络中路由,然后在目的地按顺序重组。
Data is sent across the Internet as: · 数据在互联网上作为什么发送:
Packets take possibly different routes and are reassembled in order. · 数据包走可能不同的路线,并按顺序重组。
An IP address is: · 一个 IP 地址是:
Like a postal address, it tells packets where to go. · 像邮政地址,它告诉数据包去哪里。
Internet vs the Web
- Two terms are often confused.
- The Internet is the physical network of cables, routers, and machines.
- The World Wide Web 万维网 is just one service running on top of it — linked web pages you open in a browser.
- Email and video calls are other services that also use the Internet.
互联网与万维网
- 两个词常被混淆。
- 互联网是电缆、路由器和机器的物理网络。
- 万维网(World Wide Web)只是运行在它之上的一个服务——你在浏览器里打开的链接网页。
- 电子邮件和视频通话是也使用互联网的其他服务。
The World Wide Web is: · 万维网是:
The Internet is the network; the Web is one service on it. · 互联网是网络;万维网是它上面的一个服务。
Redundancy means there is usually more than one path between two points, so a failed link can be bypassed. · 冗余意味着两点之间通常有不止一条路径,所以失败的链路能被绕过。
Multiple paths are why the Internet keeps working when parts fail. · 多条路径是互联网在部分失败时保持工作的原因。
Redundancy
- A key strength is redundancy 冗余: usually more than one path between any two points.
- If one cable or router fails, packets simply travel another way and still arrive.
Sending a photo. The file splits into ~20 packets, each stamped with your friend's IP address and a sequence number. Packet 5 might go through Tokyo while packet 6 goes through Singapore — yet both arrive, and the sequence numbers rebuild the photo in order. No single cable carried the whole photo.
冗余
- 一个关键优势是冗余(redundancy):任意两点之间通常有不止一条路径。
- 如果一根电缆或一个路由器失败,数据包只是走另一条路,仍然到达。
发送一张照片。 文件分成约 20 个数据包,每个盖上你朋友的 IP 地址和一个序列号。数据包 5 可能经过东京,而数据包 6 经过新加坡——但两者都到达,序列号按顺序重建照片。没有单一电缆携带整张照片。
The Internet is a network of networks that cooperate through shared protocols. Data travels as independent packets, each addressed by an IP address and reassembled in order. The World Wide Web is just one service on top of it. Redundancy — many possible paths — keeps data flowing when a link fails.
互联网是通过共享协议合作的网络的网络。数据作为独立的数据包传输,每个由一个 IP 地址寻址,并按顺序重组。万维网只是它之上的一个服务。冗余——许多可能的路径——在一条链路失败时保持数据流动。