两种从句在关系代词的选择上也有区别:
- 限制性:人用 who / that,物用 which / that;作宾语时可省略。
- 非限制性:人用 who,物用 which;不能用 that,不能省略。
这This 书book (关系代词), which 我I 读read 去年last year 是, is 优秀excellent.
这本书我去年读过,非常好。(非限制性,用 which)
注意 非限制性从句里绝不用 that:~~My boss, that is kind, …~~ ✗ → My boss, who is kind, … ✓。
常见错误
- ❌ ~~My mother who lives in Beijing is a teacher.~~ → ✓ My mother**, who** lives in Beijing**,** is a teacher. — 独一无二的人 / 物(妈妈、北京、太阳)只能带非限制性从句;不加逗号等于暗示"你有好几个妈妈"。
- ❌ ~~He failed the exam, it made his parents angry.~~ → ✓ …the exam**, which** made his parents angry. — 逗号不能直接连两个句子;逗号 + which 可以指代前面整件事。
- ❌ ~~My boss, I met yesterday, is kind.~~ → ✓ My boss, who(m) I met yesterday, is kind. — 非限制性从句的关系代词不能省略。
- 逗号要成对:从句插在句中时前后都要有:My boss, who is kind, called me.