Verbal: reading and argument structure
GRE General Test Topic 1 2:12 English narration · English + 中文 subtitles burned in
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Transcript
This unit practises reading comprehension: analysing discourse and drawing conclusions, distinguishing assumptions, evidence and the author's perspective, and selecting relevant points and the organisation of a text.
本单元练习阅读理解：分析语篇并得出结论，区分假设、证据和作者观点，选出相关要点并理解文本结构。
It is original practice, not a score predictor.
这是原创练习，不能预测分数。
Identify the conclusion separately from the observations.
把结论与观察分开识别。
An assumption is an unstated bridge the argument needs.
假设是论证需要、但没有说出的桥梁。
And an author can describe a theory before challenging it, so track whose position each sentence reports.
作者可能先介绍一种理论再加以质疑，所以要追踪每句话报告的是谁的观点。
Reading comprehension has single-answer, select-one-or-more and sentence-selection tasks.
阅读理解有单选、选一个或多个，以及选句三种题型。
For select-all, test each option independently: one correct option does not make the others false.
对多选题，逐个独立检验每个选项：一个选项正确并不意味着其他选项错误。
Sales rose after advertising increased.
广告增加后销量上升。
The claim that advertising caused the rise assumes no sufficient alternative explanation, such as a price reduction.
“广告导致了上升”这一结论假设没有其他足以解释的原因，比如降价。
A passage that only reports the timing supports an association, not that causal conclusion.
只报告时间先后的文章支持的是相关性，而不是那个因果结论。
Graduate verbal tasks reward precise scope.
研究生入学考试的语文题看重准确的范围。
Avoid an answer whose always or only overstates the passage.
要避开用“总是”或“只有”夸大文章内容的选项。
Sentence 1 reports the rise, sentence 2 adds a rival change, sentence 3 limits the inference, and sentence 4 proposes a comparison.
第 1 句报告借阅量上升，第 2 句加入另一个变化，第 3 句限制了推论，第 4 句提出比较。
So the purpose is B.
所以主旨是 B。
A overstates uncertainty as proof, C changes loans to reading, and D invents a recommendation.
A 把不确定夸大为证明，C 把借阅换成了阅读，D 凭空编出一个建议。
Sentence 1 reports the rise, so A is stated.
第 1 句报告了上升，所以 A 是明说的。
C follows because sentence 2 adds a rival change and sentence 3 limits the inference.
C 成立，因为第 2 句加入了另一个变化，第 3 句限制了推论。
B is unsupported: failing to establish an exclusive cause does not establish zero effect.
B 没有依据：无法确立唯一原因，并不等于没有作用。
And sentence 4 proposes a comparison to tell the explanations apart.
第 4 句提出了区分不同解释的比较。
Check yourself.
自我检测。
An unstated premise the argument needs is an assumption.
论证需要的未说明前提叫假设。
Timing alone shows an association.
仅凭时间先后只能说明相关。
In select-all, test each option.
多选题要逐个检验选项。
Not shown to cause does not mean caused nothing.
“未证明是原因”不等于“毫无作用”。
And distrust always and only.
对“总是”和“只有”要保持警惕。