Impact of computing
Python for AP CS Principles Lesson 14 2:23 English narration · English + 中文 subtitles burned in
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Computing touches almost every part of life, and the same tool brings benefits and harms — not one or the other, both at once.
计算几乎触及生活的每一个部分， 而同一个工具会带来好处，也会带来危害—— 不是二选一，而是同时都有。
Social media lets you stay in touch, share what you make, and learn from anyone anywhere.
社交媒体让你和人保持联系、分享你做的东西、 向天南地北的人学习。
The same platform carries bullying, spreads false news fast, and costs people sleep.
同一个平台也承载着霸凌、让假消息传得飞快、 还让人少睡了觉。
A benefit for one group can be a harm for another, so the question is always: who gains, who loses, and what could go wrong?
对一群人是好处，对另一群人可能就是危害， 所以问题永远是：谁得益，谁受损，可能出什么岔子。
The digital divide is the gap between people who have good access to computing and people who do not.
数字鸿沟，指的是能好好用上计算资源的人， 和用不上的人之间的差距。
Three things cause it: money, because devices and data cost; where you live, because fast Internet does not reach everywhere; and training, because access without skills is not much use.
造成它的有三样东西： 钱，因为设备和流量都要花钱； 你住在哪里，因为高速网络并不是哪里都通； 还有培训，因为有了门路却没有技能，用处也不大。
This is unfair — people without access miss out on school, jobs, and information.
这是不公平的—— 用不上的人在教育、工作和信息上都被落下了。
Bias means an unfair result that favours one group over another, and it is not usually somebody being deliberately unfair.
偏见指的是一种不公平的结果，偏向某一群人， 而它通常并不是谁故意要不公平。
Software learns from data.
软件是从数据里学的。
Look at the pile on the left: mostly one kind of example, a few of another.
看左边那一堆：绝大多数是一种样本，另一种只有几个。
A face tool trained on that works well for the group it saw most, and badly for other people.
拿这样的数据训练出来的人脸工具， 对它见得最多的那一群效果很好， 对其他人就很差。
If the data is unfair or incomplete, the results can be unfair too.
数据如果不公平或者不完整， 结果也可能是不公平的。
Last, whose work is it.
最后，这东西是谁的。
Intellectual property is creative work people make — code, music, art, writing.
知识产权指的是人们创作出来的东西—— 代码、音乐、美术、文字。
A licence is the rules for how others may use that work.
许可证就是规定别人可以怎么使用这些作品的规则。
Open source shares its code so others may read and reuse it, and Creative Commons licences let a creator say "you may share this, with these conditions".
开源把代码公开，让别人可以阅读和复用； 而知识共享许可证让创作者说： "你可以分享，但要满足这些条件"。
Using someone's work without permission can break the law, so check the licence first.
未经许可使用别人的作品可能违法， 所以先看清许可证。
Four things to take with you.
带走四点。
One: every technology has benefits and harms together.
第一：每一项技术都同时带着好处和危害。
Two: the digital divide is unequal access to computing.
第二：数字鸿沟就是能不能平等地用上计算资源。
Three: bias in the data becomes bias in the results.
第三：数据里的偏见会变成结果里的偏见。
Four: a licence decides how you may reuse someone's work.
第四：许可证决定你能怎样复用别人的作品。
Now work through the impact tasks below.
现在去下面把这些关于影响的题做一做。