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Data has consequences

• Programs collect and process data about real people — with real effects.
• How data is gathered, stored, and used raises ethical 伦理 questions.
• A helpful data set can also expose or harm the people in it.
• Responsible programmers think about impact before collecting.

Privacy and consent

• Privacy 隐私: people have a right to control information about themselves.
• Collect only what you need, and get consent where appropriate.
• Storing sensitive data creates a duty to protect it from misuse or leaks.
• "Because we can" is not a good reason to collect personal data.

Server racks in a data centre— large collections of data raise ethical questions about collection and use

Bias and fairness

• Data can carry bias 偏见 — patterns that treat some groups unfairly.
• An algorithm trained on biased data can amplify that unfairness at scale.
• Fair systems require checking who the data represents and who it leaves out.
• Correct-looking code can still produce unjust outcomes.

Ownership and security

• Data and code have ownership — respect licenses, credit sources, don't steal.
• Security: protect stored data so it isn't stolen or altered.
• A breach can harm thousands of people at once.
• Ethics isn't optional polish — it's part of building software responsibly.