Kết nối ý tưởng

• 12 Kết nối ý tưởng

  12.1

  and / but / or / so / because

  

  English

  

  Conjunctions link two ideas together:

  • and (and): Parallel, additive. but (but): Contrast, opposite.
  • or (or): Choice. so (so): Result. because (because): Reason.

  我I （过去）was 累tired 所以, so 我I 去went （介词）to 睡觉bed.

  I was tired, so I went to bed.

  她She 留在stayed 家home 因为because （天气it）it （过去）was 下雨raining.

  She stayed at home because it was raining.

  Note: so introduces a result, while because introduces a reason; do not mix them up: Tired → so go to sleep; Slept → because tired.

  12.2

  零条件句与第一条件句

  English

  Conditional sentences express "if... then...":

  • Zero Conditional (universal facts): If + 一般现在时, 一般现在时.
  • First Conditional (future possibilities): If + 一般现在时, will + 动词原形.

  如果If 你you 加热heat 冰ice （它）, it 融化melts.

  If you heat ice, it melts. (Universal fact → Zero Conditional)

  如果If （天气it）it 下雨rains 我们, we 将will 留stay 家home.

  If it rains, we will stay at home. (Future possibility → First Conditional)

  Note: In clauses introduced by if, use the present simple even when referring to the future: ~~If it will rain~~ ✗ → If it rains ✓.

  12.3

  Adverbs of Frequency

  English

  Adverbs of frequency indicate "how often": always (100%) > usually > often > sometimes > rarely > never (0%).

  Position Rules:

  • Place them before the main verb.
  • But place them after the be verb.

  我I 总是always 刷brush 我的my 牙teeth.

  I always brush my teeth. (Before a lexical verb)

  他He （be）is 从不never 迟到late.

  He is never late. (After a be verb)

  Note: Adverbs of frequency go before lexical verbs and after be verbs: I often read; She is often busy.

  Common Errors

  • ❌ ~~Because it was raining, so we stayed home.~~ → ✓ Because it was raining, we stayed home. / It was raining, so we stayed home. — In Chinese, "because... so..." appears as a pair, but in English, you can only keep one of because or so.
  • ❌ ~~Although he is rich, but he is not happy.~~ → ✓ Although he is rich, he is not happy. — Similarly, in the Chinese structure "although... but...", you can only choose one of although or but.
  • ❌ ~~I like apples and I like bananas and I like oranges.~~ → ✓ I like apples, bananas and oranges. — When listing multiple items, separate them with commas and use and only before the final item.
  • ❌ ~~I play sometimes football.~~ → ✓ I sometimes play football. / I play football sometimes. — An adverb cannot be placed between a verb and its object.

Tất cả chủ đề · Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh · A2