刚 + Verb (just did) · 刚 + Verbo (acabar de)
Recent is relative to a reference point
- A friend asks when you arrived; it was only a moment ago.
- 我刚到。 — 刚 places arrival shortly before the relevant reference time.
Recent is relative to a reference point
- A friend asks when you arrived; it was only a moment ago.
- 我刚to / arrive到。 — just now刚 places arrival shortly before the relevant reference time.
A friend asks when you arrived; it was only a moment ago. What does 我刚到。 communicate?
刚 places arrival shortly before the relevant reference time. The interval depends on context. 了 is not compulsory, but 刚买了一本书 is natural; avoid a blanket ban on 了.
Build the form
- The pattern in this lesson is 刚 + Verb (just did). Locate it in the original interlinear examples below.
- Keep the words in their demonstrated positions; the pattern must fit the intended situation as well as the sentence form.
I我just刚arrive到。
Build the form
- The pattern in this lesson is just now刚 + Verb (just did). Locate it in the original interlinear examples below.
- Keep the words in their demonstrated positions; the pattern must fit the intended situation as well as the sentence form.
I我just刚arrive到。
Using the lesson pattern in this demonstrated example: I just arrived: 我 ____ 到。
刚 + Verb = just (did): 我刚到 (I just arrived). · 刚 + Verbo = acabou de (fez): Eu acabei de chegar.
Read examples in context
- In the opening example, 我刚到。: 刚 places arrival shortly before the relevant reference time.
- Explain who acts, what is described and which time or group is relevant before choosing an English paraphrase.
Read examples in context
- In the opening example, 我刚to / arrive到。: just now刚 places arrival shortly before the relevant reference time.
- Explain who acts, what is described and which time or group is relevant before choosing an English paraphrase.
How does 刚 differ from 刚才? · Como 刚 difere de 刚才?
刚 modifies a predicate as an adverb; 刚才 names a recent time and can occur before the subject. 刚-modified verbs can take 了, as in 刚买了一本书.
Know the boundary
- The interval depends on context.
- 了 is not compulsory, but 刚买了一本书 is natural; avoid a blanket ban on 了.
Know the boundary
- The interval depends on context.
- (completed / change)了 is not compulsory, but 刚买(completed / change)了one / a一本书 is natural; avoid a blanket ban on (completed / change)了.
我刚买了一本书 is impossible because 刚 forbids 了 everywhere.
This sentence is natural. 我刚到 needs no 了, but that is not a universal ban.
Any sentence containing 刚 must omit 了.
The interval depends on context. 了 is not compulsory, but 刚买了一本书 is natural; avoid a blanket ban on 了. 刚 places arrival shortly before the relevant reference time.
Use the distinction
- 刚 places arrival shortly before the relevant reference time.
- The interval depends on context. 了 is not compulsory, but 刚买了一本书 is natural; avoid a blanket ban on 了.
Read the full reference: HSK 4 grammar — Adverbs.
Use the distinction
- just now刚 places arrival shortly before the relevant reference time.
- The interval depends on context. (completed / change)了 is not compulsory, but 刚买(completed / change)了one / a一本书 is natural; avoid a blanket ban on (completed / change)了.
Read the full reference: HSK 4 grammar — Adverbs.