Dicas
Edexcel International A-Level Economics (XEC11/YEC11) begins with markets and market failure, then studies economic performance and policy. Later units develop business behaviour and the global economy. Demand and supply, incentives and opportunity cost help explain choices; aggregate models connect spending, output, employment and prices.
An economic model gives a conditional explanation. State what changes, trace the effect on consumers, firms or governments, and identify what must stay constant. Evaluation then considers how the result depends on the evidence, the time period and the assumptions. A balanced answer ends with a supported judgement about the case in the question.
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1
Escolha, modelos e ajuste de mercado
- 1.1 Escolha, modelos e ajuste de mercado
- 1.1 Introductory concepts
- 1.2 Consumer behaviour and demand
- 1.2 Elasticities of demand
- 1.3 Oferta
- 1.4 Price determination, surplus and the price mechanism
- 1.4 Indirect taxes and subsidies
- 1.4 Checklist
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2
Falha de mercado e intervenção governamental
- 2.1 Falha de mercado e intervenção governamental
- 2.1 Sources of market failure
- 2.1 Externalidades
- 2.1 Public goods, information gaps, moral hazard and bubbles
- 2.2 Government intervention: purpose and methods
- 2.2 Government failure
- 2.2 Checklist
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3
Medidas de produção, gastos e multiplicador
- 3.1 Medidas de produção, gastos e multiplicador
- 3.1 Measures of economic performance
- 3.2 Aggregate demand
- 3.2 Aggregate supply
- 3.3 National income and the multiplier
- 3.4 Crescimento econômico
- 3.4 Checklist
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4
Inflação, desemprego e julgamento de políticas
- 4.1 Inflação, desemprego e julgamento de políticas
- 4.1 Macroeconomic objectives
- 4.1 Conflicts between objectives
- 4.2 Supply-side policies
- 4.2 Demand-side policies and the central bank
- 4.2 Checklist
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5
Empresas, custos, crescimento e concorrência
- 5.1 Empresas, custos, crescimento e concorrência
- 5.1 Types, sizes and growth of businesses
- 5.1 Objetivos empresariais
- 5.1 Revenue, costs and profits
- 5.1 Economias e deseconomias de escala
- 5.2 Efficiency and concentration
- 5.2 Market structures: competition to monopoly
- 5.2 Monopsony and contestability
- 5.2 Checklist
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6
Mercados de trabalho e intervenção governamental
- 6.1 Mercados de trabalho e intervenção governamental
- 6.1 The demand for and supply of labour
- 6.1 Wage determination and labour market failure
- 6.2 Government intervention in product markets
- 6.2 Government intervention in labour markets
- 6.2 Checklist
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7
Globalização, comércio e finanças internacionais
- 7.1 Globalização, comércio e finanças internacionais
- 7.1 Globalização
- 7.1 Specialisation and comparative advantage
- 7.1 Terms of trade, trading blocs and protectionism
- 7.2 Balance of payments and exchange rates
- 7.2 International competitiveness
- 7.2 Checklist
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8
Pobreza, Estado e desenvolvimento
- 8.1 Pobreza, Estado e desenvolvimento
- 8.1 Pobreza
- 8.1 Desigualdade
- 8.1 Public expenditure, taxation and borrowing
- 8.1 Macroeconomic policies and the state
- 8.2 Growth and development
- 8.2 Checklist
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