Groups of organisms
Introduced| English | Meaning |
|---|---|
| kingdoms/ˈkɪŋdəmz/ | A broad taxonomic rank below domain and above phylum. |
| photosynthesis/ˌfəʊtəʊˈsɪnθəsɪs/ | The process by which plants and other organisms use light energy to make organic substances from carbon dioxide and water. |
| fungi/ˈfʌŋɡi/ | fungi |
| bacteria/bækˈtɪərɪə/ | Single-celled prokaryotic organisms whose cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus. |
| protoctists/ˈprəʊtəʊktɪsts/ | protoctists |
| vertebrates/ˈvɜːtɪbreɪts/ | Animals with a backbone: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. |
| invertebrates/ɪnˈvɜːtɪbreɪts/ | invertebrates |
| prokaryotes/ˈprɒkərɪəʊts/ | An organism whose cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. |
| eukaryotes/ˈjuːkərɪəʊts/ | eukaryotes |
The great kingdoms 界 of life
- A mushroom, an oak tree, a tiger and the germs that make you ill are all living — but profoundly different.
- Biologists sort all life into a few huge groups called kingdoms.
Groups of organisms lab
Compare organism groups by the feature that identifies them.
Which of these are kingdoms of living things? (Select all that apply.)
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Rocks are not living. The kingdoms include animals, plants, fungi, bacteria and protoctists.
The five kingdoms
- Animals: many cells, no cell walls, feed on other organisms.
- Plants: many cells, cell walls, make food by photosynthesis 光合作用.
- Fungi 真菌, bacteria 细菌 and protoctists 原生生物 make up the rest.
A dichotomous key: each step gives two choices until you reach the organism
Which feature do plant cells have that animal cells do not?
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Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts and a large vacuole.
Plants make their own food by the process of ______.
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Plants are producers; animals must eat other organisms.
Animals vs plants
- Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts and a large vacuole; animal cells do not.
- Plants make their own food (photosynthesis); animals must eat other organisms.
A virus has just two parts: a protein coat around its genetic material
Which group are vertebrates?
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Mammals have a backbone; insects, spiders and worms do not.
Bacteria are prokaryotes, meaning their cells have no proper nucleus.
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Bacteria lack a nucleus; the other kingdoms are eukaryotes.
Vertebrates 脊椎动物 and invertebrates 无脊椎动物
- Vertebrates have a backbone: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals.
- Invertebrates have no backbone: insects, spiders, worms, molluscs.
Bacteria are different from the rest. Bacteria are prokaryotes 原核生物 — their cells have no proper nucleus. Animals, plants, fungi and protoctists are eukaryotes 真核生物, with a nucleus. This is a fundamental divide.
You've got it
- life is sorted into kingdoms: animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, protoctists
- plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts and a vacuole; animal cells don't
- vertebrates have a backbone, invertebrates don't; bacteria have no nucleus
Write from a cell with no nucleus
- One cell has a cell wall, chloroplasts and a large vacuole.
- Another cell has no nucleus and is much smaller.
Which kingdom fits each cell?
A nucleus is absent in bacteria, not in plant cells.
Which cell has no nucleus?
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Bacteria have no nucleus.