以及 (as well as / and)
The formal list-closer
- as well as以及 = "as well as / and" — a formal connector for lists or clauses.
- teacher老师、student学生as well as以及head of a household家长all / both都to come来(completed / change)了 = "teachers, students, as well as parents all came."
- as well as以及 often links the last (or larger) item to the rest.
A、B as well as以及 C
- as well as以及 joins items, usually with the broader one last.
teachers老师、students学生as well as以及parents家长all都come来了。
- …as well as以及head of a household家长all / both都to come来(completed / change)了 = "…as well as parents all came."
Explore
Correct or broken?
以及 joins the final item(s) formally — it sits before the last stretch of the list.
Practice
Teachers, students, as well as parents: 老师、学生 ____ 家长。
A、B 以及 C = as well as: 老师、学生以及家长.
Practice
以及 often links the last / larger item to the rest.
Yes — …以及家长 (the broader group last).
Recap
Key idea
- A、B as well as以及 C — "as well as / and" (formal)
- teacher老师、student学生as well as以及head of a household家长
- Often links the last / broader item to the rest
Read the full reference: HSK 6 grammar — Conjunctions.
Practice
以及 is best described as…
以及 links items / clauses, broader one last.