Writing the report
Introduced| English | Meaning |
|---|---|
| abstract/ˈæbstrækt/ | A brief summary of a report's purpose, methods, main findings and conclusions. |
| findings/ˈfaɪndɪŋz/ | findings |
| discussion/dɪˈskʌʃn/ | The section of a report that interprets findings, weighs alternatives and considers the study's limitations. |
Follow the actual report brief
- A report often has an abstract 摘要, introduction, method, findings, discussion, conclusion and references. Use the structure, length and reference style required by your task.
- Label what was observed, what you infer and what you propose. A confident style does not make an unsupported conclusion valid.
Order these sections using the report structure stated in this practice task.
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This task uses abstract, introduction, method, findings and discussion/conclusion. Follow your actual assignment brief, which may require a different structure or additional sections.
Make the method traceable
- Describe who or what was studied, selection, timing, categories, instruments and ethical safeguards. Include relevant materials where the brief permits them.
- Give enough detail to understand and check the procedure. Avoid publishing private identifying data merely to make a study look reproducible.
What is the test of a good method section?
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A reader needs enough information to understand and check the procedure, including selection, timing, instruments and safeguards. Do not publish private data merely to support replication.
Separate findings from interpretation
- Findings 结果 report recorded observations and transparent summaries. The discussion 讨论 evaluates their meaning, alternatives and limits.
- In an invented bin study, 8/80 and 15/150 are both 10%, while 18/90 is 20%. Comparing raw error counts alone hides different denominators.
A finding is not an intervention result. The bin study observed six bins for five days. No labels were changed, so “new labels reduced errors” is unsupported. A label-understanding study is a possible next step, subject to approval and a suitable design.
"62% skip breakfast, which shows the canteen opens too late." What is wrong?
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The percentage is a reported observation; the claim about opening time is a causal interpretation needing further evidence. Moving it to discussion does not make it proved.
Rewrite "62% skip breakfast, which shows the canteen opens too late" as a findings sentence only.
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Example: “Sixty-two percent of respondents reported skipping breakfast.” Do not add an unprovided respondent count, time window or cause.
State limitations and keep references traceable. Cite a source for the claim it actually supports. A recommendation to test labels is not evidence that your school already achieved a reduction.
A report should hide limitations to make its conclusion sound more certain.
Difficulty 1/5 · 100 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
Readers need limitations to judge scope and evidence. State them accurately rather than promising a higher mark or assuming every weak design becomes strong when its weaknesses are named.
Write or revise the abstract against the finished report. In a group presentation, plan handovers and audience questions, and retain evidence limits. Do not omit uncertainty to sound more convincing.