Ionic bonding
Introduced| English | Meaning |
|---|---|
| ionic bonding/aɪˈɒnɪk ˈbɒndɪŋ/ | The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. |
| electrostatic attraction/ɪˌlektrəʊˈstætɪk əˈtrækʃn/ | The attractive force between opposite electric charges. |
| cation/ˈkætaɪən/ | An ion with a positive electric charge. |
| anion/ˈænaɪən/ | An ion with a negative electric charge. |
| lattice/ˈlætɪs/ | A regular, repeating arrangement of particles or points in a solid. |
| molten/ˈməʊltn/ | In the liquid state after being melted by heating. |
Giving electrons away
- Ionic bonding 离子键 is the electrostatic attraction 静电引力 between oppositely charged ions.
- Positive cations 阳离子 attract negative anions 阴离子.
- The ions pack into a giant lattice 晶格.
Ionic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
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It forms by transferring electrons from a metal to a non-metal.
Ionic bonding is:
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Ionic bonding is the attraction between positive cations and negative anions.
How it forms
- A metal gives electrons to a non-metal — e.g. $\text{NaCl}$, $\text{MgO}$, $\text{CaF}_2$.
- The ions form a regular giant lattice, held by attraction in every direction.
A salt crystal's cubic shape comes straight from the giant ionic lattice inside.
Forming an ionic bond (NaCl)
Step through it. A metal hands its outer electron to a non-metal; the oppositely charged ions then attract in a giant lattice.
Ionic bonding forms when:
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A metal transfers electrons to a non-metal, making oppositely charged ions (e.g. NaCl).
In an ionic solid the ions are packed into a regular giant ______, held by attraction in every direction.
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Each ion is surrounded by oppositely charged neighbours, so the structure is very strong.
In an ionic solid, the ions are arranged in:
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Ions pack into a giant lattice, with each ion attracted to oppositely charged neighbours all around.
Dot-and-cross
- In $\text{NaCl}$, sodium transfers its single outer electron to chlorine.
- This gives $\text{Na}^{+}$ and a full-octet $\text{Cl}^{-}$, drawn with dots and crosses.
Sodium gives its single outer electron to chlorine, forming Na⁺ and a full-octet Cl⁻.
In the NaCl dot-and-cross diagram:
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Sodium loses one electron to chlorine, forming Na⁺ and a full-octet Cl⁻.
Put the formation of an ionic bond in order.
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Transfer the electron → make ions → they attract → giant lattice.
Properties from ionic bonding
- Ionic compounds have high melting points (strong attractions in a giant lattice).
- They conduct only when molten 熔融 or dissolved, when the ions are free to move.
Rock salt (halite): an ionic compound held in a giant lattice
You've got it
- ionic bonding = electrostatic attraction between cations and anions
- forms when a metal transfers electrons to a non-metal ($\text{NaCl}$, $\text{MgO}$, $\text{CaF}_2$)
- the ions form a giant lattice held in every direction