HSK 4 Grammar 06: Nouns
HSK · HSK · HSK 4 주제 6 3:05 영어 내레이션 · 영어 + 중국어 자막 burned-in
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One word owns this topic: qizhong, among them, of which. It reaches back into a group you have just named and picks something out of it, doing the job English needs a whole phrase for, of which or of them. And the rule that gets tested is direction: qizhong always looks backward. It can never open a topic, because a group must already be on the table for it to point at.
The structure is a group, then qizhong, then the pick. Wo you si liang qiche, qizhong san liang shi Baoma, I have four cars, three of which are B M Ws. Zheme duo xiangmu, qizhong zui nan de shi huanjing xiangmu, of all these projects, the hardest is the environmental one. Decode the word itself: qi, that, plus zhong, inside, within that group. Two shapes cover the uses. The number shape, qizhong plus a number and measure word, three of them are. And the superlative shape, qizhong zui plus the adjective, the hardest, the best, the most famous of them.
Build the exam sentence in the tested order. First name the group: zhe xueqi women kao le san ci shi, this term we took three exams. Then point back into it: qizhong shuxue zui nan, of them, maths was the hardest. Check the direction, group first, qizhong second, and check the plural, because three exams is a set you can pick from, while a single exam would leave qizhong with nothing to be among. Name the group, then pick from it; the order never reverses.
Three boundaries keep qizhong honest. First, it cannot open a brand-new topic: the four cars, the projects, the exams must arrive before it, or there is nothing to point at. Second, qizhong yige is the set phrase for one of them, worth having ready: women ban you ershi ge xuesheng, qizhong yige shi Meiguoren, our class has twenty students, one of whom is American. Third, the group must be plural enough to pick from, because among needs an among. One car, no qizhong; four cars, qizhong works.
Pause and choose. The correct sentence names the group first, wo you si liang qiche, then picks from it, qizhong san liang shi Baoma. The first option reverses the order, leaving qizhong pointing at nothing. The third has one car, a group too small to pick from. The fourth has no group at all. Backward-looking, and plural enough: those two boundaries are the whole word. Take the review's last translation with you as practice: wo you henduo pengyou, qizhong sange hui shuo Riyu, I have many friends, three of whom speak Japanese.