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LaTeX Lesson 11 · 수업 11 2:05 English narration · English + 中文 subtitles burned in · 영어 내레이션 · 영어 + 중국어 자막 burned-in
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Copy one reference by hand into twenty places and one of them will be wrong.
把一条参考文献手工抄到二十个地方，总有一个会抄错。
LaTeX never copies it twice.
LaTeX 从不抄第二遍。
Academic writing has to say where facts came from, and LaTeX handles it with the idea you learned last lesson.
学术写作必须说明事实的出处， 而 LaTeX 用的正是你上一课学的那个概念。
Look at the two pairs: label and ref for a section; bibitem and cite for a source.
看这两对：\label 和 \ref 对应一节；\bibitem 和 \cite 对应一个来源。
Exactly the same shape — name it once, point at the name, and let LaTeX keep the numbers.
形状完全一样——命名一次，指向那个名字，让 LaTeX 管编号。
One mechanism, two uses.
一套机制，两种用途。
Your sources go in a thebibliography environment, usually at the end, one bibitem each.
你的来源放在 thebibliography 环境里，通常在文末，每条一个 \bibitem。
The key in braces — here, lamport — is yours to choose, exactly like a label's nickname, and it never appears in the output.
花括号里的 key——这里是 lamport——由你自己起， 和标签的外号完全一样，而且它不会出现在输出里。
The nine after the environment name looks odd; it only tells LaTeX the numbers will be one digit wide, so it can leave the right amount of room.
环境名后面那个 9 看起来很怪； 它只是告诉 LaTeX 编号会是一位数宽，好让它留出合适的空间。
Then anywhere in the text, write cite with that key and LaTeX prints the mark — bracket one.
然后在正文的任何地方，写 \cite 加上那个 key， LaTeX 就会打印出那个标记—— 。
Use the same key as often as you like; it is one source, so it keeps one number, however many sentences point at it.
同一个 key 你想用多少次都行； 它是一个来源，所以它保持一个编号，不管有多少句话指向它。
And the tilde goes in front here too, for the same reason as last lesson.
而这里前面同样要加波浪号，理由和上一课一样。
And the payoff is the same as before.
而回报和之前一样。
Add a source that sorts ahead of the first one, and Lamport becomes number two — in the reference list AND in every sentence that cited it.
加入一个排在原来那条前面的来源，Lamport 就变成了 2 号—— 在参考文献表里是，在每一句引用过它的话里也是。
You never wrote a bracket number anywhere, so there is nothing to go back and correct.
你在任何地方都没有写过方括号编号， 所以也就没有什么需要回头去改。
Four things to take with you.
带走四点。
One: list each source once, as a bibitem with a key.
第一：每个来源列一次，作为一条带 key 的 \bibitem。
Two: cite the key wherever you use that source.
第二：在你用到那个来源的任何地方 \cite 那个 key。
Three: LaTeX assigns the numbers and keeps them in order.
第三：编号由 LaTeX 分配，并保持顺序。
Four: it is label and ref again, applied to sources.
第四：这就是 \label 和 \ref，换到来源上再用一次。
Now add a source and cite it.
现在加一个来源，然后引用它。