환경 간섭의 선택
도입됨| English | 의미 |
|---|---|
| regulation/ˌreɡjʊˈleɪʃn/ | 규제 |
| pollution permit/pəˈluːʃn ˈpɜːmɪt/ | 배출권 |
A decision you can investigate
- Two factories discharge waste into a shared stream. One can reduce discharge cheaply; the other must replace expensive machinery.
- A rule can set the aim, but its design changes the cost of meeting it.
Build the explanation
- A tax charges for a polluting activity and changes incentives. A subsidy can support cleaner methods. Regulation 监管规定 sets a requirement; a fine penalizes a breach. Tradable pollution permits cap allowed emissions and let firms trade permission.
- A cap controls total permitted emissions if it is enforced; trading lets lower-cost reducers sell permits. A tax makes the charge explicit but does not guarantee a fixed quantity reduction.
Work through the evidence
- Factory A can remove a unit of discharge for 20 yuan and B for 60. A permit priced at 40 gives A an incentive to reduce and sell unused permission; B may prefer buying permission to a 60-yuan reduction.
- A can save resources relative to forcing both to make the same costly reduction. This reasoning assumes valid measurement, a credible cap and a functioning trading system.
허가 가격 40일 때, 다음 공장 중 하나를 줄이는 데 더 저렴한 유인이 있는 곳은?
난이도 1/5 · 100 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
제시된 거래 조건 하에서 A는 20에 감축하고 40 가치의 허가권을 판매할 수 있습니다.
Test the limits
- A fine matters through both its amount and the chance of detection. A large fine rarely enforced may change little. Subsidies need funding and may reward improvements that would occur anyway.
- Permit allocation affects distribution, and local pollution hotspots can remain even if total emissions fall. Compare the exact harm, measurement, enforcement, cost and access to cleaner alternatives.
과태료와 오염세의 차이는 무엇인가?
난이도 1/5 · 100 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
두 제도 모두 실행이 필요하지만, 과세 요건은 다르다.
보조금은 청정 생산을 지원할 수 있으나 공공 재정에 부담을 줄 수 있다.
난이도 1/5 · 100 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
인센티브를 변경할 수 있지만, 반드시 자금 조달과 타겟팅이 필요하다.
Apply and explain your answer
- Why might permits lower the cost of achieving an emissions cap?
- Firms with cheaper reductions can reduce more and trade permits with firms facing higher reduction costs.
어떤 한계가 직접적으로 permits(허가증)의 유효성과 관련되는가?
난이도 1/5 · 100 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
배출 총량 제한이 감시되지 않으면 실제 배출량을 제재하지 못할 수 있다.
Use the terms precisely
- pollution permit 排污许可证: Permission for a specified amount of emissions under a controlled system.
- regulation: A rule setting requirements or limits on behaviour.
용어를 의미와 매칭하십시오.
난이도 2/5 · 140 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
각 용어는 이번 수업에서 다루는 특정 메커니즘을 설명합니다.
Factory A can remove a unit of discharge for 20 yuan and B for 60. A permit priced at 40 gives A an incentive to reduce and sell unused permission; B may prefer buying permission to a 60-yuan reduction. A can save resources relative to forcing both to make the same costly reduction. This reasoning assumes valid measurement, a credible cap and a functioning trading system.
A fine matters through both its amount and the chance of detection. A large fine rarely enforced may change little. Subsidies need funding and may reward improvements that would occur anyway. Permit allocation affects distribution, and local pollution hotspots can remain even if total emissions fall. Compare the exact harm, measurement, enforcement, cost and access to cleaner alternatives.
A tax charges for a polluting activity and changes incentives. A subsidy can support cleaner methods. Regulation sets a requirement; a fine penalizes a breach. Tradable pollution permits cap allowed emissions and let firms trade permission.