Data in 6-mark, 9-mark and 12-mark answers
Introduced| English | Meaning |
|---|---|
| private cost/ˈpraɪvət kɒst/ | A cost paid by the person who causes it, not by bystanders. |
| external cost/ekˈstɜːnl kɒst/ | A cost of production or consumption borne by someone outside the transaction. |
Complaints fell. So did access.
- Harbour Lane put a 1.50 GBP surcharge on each night delivery. Journeys and noise complaints both fell, and the fee rose.
- A 12-mark answer cannot stop at "the policy worked". It has to say for whom, and what would change the judgement.
Read the change, then the percentage
- Night journeys went from 420 to 310 a week. Noise complaints went from 36 to 22. The fee went from 4.20 GBP to 5.40 GBP.
- Percentage change is (new − old) / old × 100. Journeys fell by about 26%. Complaints fell by about 39%. The fee rose by about 29%.
Night journeys fell from 420 to 310. To the nearest whole number, what was the percentage fall?
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(420 − 310) / 420 × 100 = 26.19, which is 26 to the nearest whole number. The complaint percentage is a different calculation and is not 26.
Analyse links the figures. It does not vote.
- The firm pays the 1.50 GBP surcharge, so that charge is now a private cost 私人成本. Customers pay 1.20 GBP more, and the firm absorbs 0.30 GBP on each journey that still runs.
- Neighbours' lost sleep is an external cost 外部成本: they are outside the delivery contract. Fewer journeys can cut how often they hear a scooter. The larger percentage fall in complaints fits a fall in reported harm. It does not show that every remaining journey is quieter.
Which sentence uses these figures as analysis?
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Analysis has to carry the actual change. 420 to 310 and 36 to 22 are both in the data. A rule that every surcharge removes every external cost ignores those figures, and so does a rule that the numbers do not matter.
Write a 6-mark analyse answer on the effects of the night surcharge for the firm and for neighbours. Use the journey, complaint and fee figures. Do not finish with a yes-or-no policy verdict.
Compare your chains with the model. A different order is fine if both groups and the three figures are still there, and if the answer stops before a policy verdict.
Assess puts the surcharge beside one alternative
- For the surcharge: both journeys and complaints moved down, and 310 journeys remain, so some night access remains.
- Against a total ban after 22:00: 64 of the 120 late workers surveyed missed a delivery. A ban could cut noise further and would also remove that service. The judgement is for this town, not for every town.
Evaluate names the condition
- Keep the surcharge if Harbour Lane weights the fall from 36 to 22 complaints more heavily than the lost deliveries, and if 22 complaints are acceptable.
- Change that judgement if the remaining complaints are still the problem, or if the 64 late workers are a much larger share of the town than this survey can show. The survey asked only people who work after 18:00.
Match the command to what it adds on this course.
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The words are the 4EC1 command words for 6-mark, 9-mark and 12-mark items. A list of points with no use of the Harbour Lane figures misses the application these items reward.
Which conclusion goes beyond this data?
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The fee gap and the survey fraction are both in the data. One town's complaint fall does not show the same result where demand, noise or alternatives are different.
Put these moves of a 12-mark answer in a useful order.
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The judgement comes after the chains, not instead of them. A 12-mark answer that opens with "keep it" and never uses 420, 310, 36 or 22 has not applied the data.
These are classroom numbers
- The table is original rehearsal data for 4EC1-style items. It is not a Pearson question and not an official statistic.
- On this course a 6-mark analyse is level-marked in two-mark bands, and a 12-mark evaluate puts the supported judgement in the top band. Other topics still need their own data sets.
Write a 12-mark evaluate answer. Should Harbour Lane keep the night surcharge? Use at least two figures, compare it with a ban after 22:00, and end with a judgement that says what would change it.
A stronger answer can weight the ban more heavily and still score, if the condition is explicit and the figures are used. A slogan with no numbers does not meet the criteria.
Journeys fell from 420 to 310, about 26%. Complaints fell from 36 to 22, about 39%. Quote both. One number does not carry the other.
64 of 120 is the share of the late-worker survey, not of all residents. Calling it "most people in Harbour Lane" invents a denominator the data do not give.
Analyse chains the figures. Assess weighs the surcharge against one alternative. Evaluate ends with a judgement and the evidence that would change it.