생산 능력, 생산성과 정책 조건
도입됨| English | 의미 |
|---|---|
| productive capacity/prəˈdʌktɪv kəˈpæsɪti/ | 생산 능력 |
| labour productivity/ˈleɪbə ˌprɒdəkˈtɪvɪti/ | 노동 생산성 |
A decision you can investigate
- Training can raise output per worker, while migration can add workers. New technology is useful only if firms can adopt it and use complementary skills and infrastructure.
- More capacity requires an economic mechanism, not just a spending label.
Build the explanation
- Productive capacity 生产能力 concerns sustainable real output. LRAS can change through technology, productivity, education and skills, regulation and taxation, demography/net migration and competition policy. Labour productivity 劳动生产率 is output per labour input; more workers increase the input quantity, which is a different mechanism. Training and innovation can raise effectiveness; demographic change affects the labour force and skills available.
- Regulation can impose costs but also protect safety, quality or trust; taxation can alter incentives and fund productive services. Competition policy can improve efficiency and innovation when it reduces harmful barriers or market power, but scale and investment incentives matter. Explain the intended capacity channel and the conditions required rather than assuming every deregulation or tax cut shifts LRAS right.
Work through the evidence
- A fictional economy has 100 workers producing 5 real-output units each: potential output=100×5=500 under this simple labour-only model. Training raises output per worker to 5.5 with the workforce unchanged, giving 550. If the workforce then increases to 110 with the same productivity 5.5, potential output becomes 605.
- Combined growth is(605−500)/500×100=21%, not 20%: multiply the 1.10 productivity factor by the 1.10 workforce factor. This model assumes sufficient capital, demand-independent capacity measurement and successful skill matching. If equipment supports only 100 workers, adding people does not automatically realize 605. A demographic headcount change is not necessarily a labour-force change.
모델에서 훈련만 적용한 후의 용량은 얼마인가?
난이도 1/5 · 100 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
100 노동자 수 × 5.5 산출 단위는 550가 된다.
두 가지 변경 사항이 모두 적용될 때의 합산 용량 증가는 얼마인가?
난이도 1/5 · 100 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
605 / (500 − 1) = 0.21; 두 요인이 복합적으로 작용한다.
실제 산출의的任何 상승은 반드시 LRAS 곡선이 오른쪽으로 이동했음을 의미한다.
난이도 1/5 · 100 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
잠재적 산출을 변경하지 않고 기존 용량을 더 효율적으로 활용함으로써 산출은 증가할 수 있다.
Test the limits
- Policies take time and have opportunity costs. Training quality, participation and suitable jobs matter; technology may require finance, electricity and management. Migration can add needed skills but depends on recognition, infrastructure and integration. An ageing population can affect participation differently from total population.
- Lower compliance costs can help firms, but removing effective standards may create external costs. Competition rules need evidence about market power and entry, not a presumption that size alone is harmful. Distinguish a rightward capacity shift from temporarily fuller use of existing capacity; a lower current unemployment rate does not by itself prove that potential output increased.
노동력 증장이 모델된 산출 증가로 이어지지 못하게 할 수 있는 것은 무엇인가?
난이도 1/5 · 100 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
용량은 보완 자원의 존재와 효과적인 활용에 의존한다.
Apply and explain your answer
- Why is the combined capacity increase 21% rather than the sum of two 10% changes?
- The workforce increase applies after productivity rises, so the changes compound:1.10×1.10=1.21.
용어를 의미와 매칭하십시오.
난이도 2/5 · 140 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
각 용어를 명시된 경제적 관계에 따라 사용하라.
Use the terms precisely
- labour productivity: Real output per unit of labour input over the stated period.
- productive capacity: The output an economy can sustainably produce with its resources, technology and institutions under the stated conditions.
A fictional economy has 100 workers producing 5 real-output units each: potential output=100×5=500 under this simple labour-only model. Training raises output per worker to 5.5 with the workforce unchanged, giving 550. If the workforce then increases to 110 with the same productivity 5.5, potential output becomes 605. Combined growth is(605−500)/500×100=21%, not 20%: multiply the 1.10 productivity factor by the 1.10 workforce factor. This model assumes sufficient capital, demand-independent capacity measurement and successful skill matching. If equipment supports only 100 workers, adding people does not automatically realize 605. A demographic headcount change is not necessarily a labour-force change.
Policies take time and have opportunity costs. Training quality, participation and suitable jobs matter; technology may require finance, electricity and management. Migration can add needed skills but depends on recognition, infrastructure and integration. An ageing population can affect participation differently from total population. Lower compliance costs can help firms, but removing effective standards may create external costs. Competition rules need evidence about market power and entry, not a presumption that size alone is harmful. Distinguish a rightward capacity shift from temporarily fuller use of existing capacity; a lower current unemployment rate does not by itself prove that potential output increased.
Productive capacity concerns sustainable real output. LRAS can change through technology, productivity, education and skills, regulation and taxation, demography/net migration and competition policy. Labour productivity is output per labour input; more workers increase the input quantity, which is a different mechanism. Training and innovation can raise effectiveness; demographic change affects the labour force and skills available.