고난이도: 가열은 흡열 방향을 유리하게 함
도입됨| English | 의미 |
|---|---|
| endothermic direction/ˌendəʊˈθɜːmɪk daɪˈrekʃn/ | 흡열 방향 |
| exothermic direction/eɡzəˈðɜːmɪk daɪˈrekʃn/ | 발열 방향 |
What would explain this observation?
- Higher Tier: Heating can make reactions faster yet reduce the equilibrium amount of a desired product. Rate and final equilibrium composition need separate explanations.
- Start with a prediction. State the quantities or features you would compare, then decide what evidence could distinguish two explanations.
Build the model
- Increasing temperature favours the endothermic direction 吸热方向, which takes in energy and counteracts warming. Decreasing temperature favours the exothermic direction 放热方向, which releases energy. If the written forward reaction is endothermic, warming increases the relative product amount and cooling decreases it. If forward is exothermic, warming decreases relative products and cooling increases them. Always state which direction the given energy label describes.
- endothermic direction: The reaction direction taking energy from the surroundings; exothermic direction: The reaction direction transferring energy to the surroundings.
표기된 정방향 반응은 발열反应입니다. 가열 시 평형의 반응은 무엇입니까?
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가열은 추가된 에너지를 흡수하는 발열 방향을 선호합니다. 전방 반응이 발열이므로 역반응은 흡열이며, 가열은 평형을 반응物 쪽으로 이동시킵니다.
각 전문 용어에 대한 정확한 의미를 매칭하시오.
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정의를 사용하여 유사한 양과 과정을 구분하시오.
Choose evidence that can test it
- Both forward and reverse reactions can become faster on warming, yet their relative rate balance changes, causing a net shift before a new equilibrium is reached. For an exothermic forward industrial reaction, a low temperature may favour yield while slowing production; an appropriate temperature choice can be a compromise. A catalyst can help rate without turning that exothermic forward direction into an endothermic one or increasing its equilibrium yield at fixed conditions.
- Read a supplied equation and mark forward endothermic/exothermic before writing a shift conclusion. Use data collected after equilibrium at each stated temperature, with other relevant conditions specified. A temporary product increase during heating is not necessarily the final equilibrium composition. This lesson predicts direction and evaluates supplied evidence; no numerical equilibrium constant or thermodynamic derivation is required.
이 경우 조사 또는 모델이 더 타당하게 만들 수 있는 두 가지 습관은 무엇인가?
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조건과 가정을 명시하면 다른 사람이 정확히 작업을 재현할 수 있으며, 근거 증거를 기록하면 결론을 검증할 수 있습니다. 반대되는 결과를 숨기는 것은 잘못된 결론을 반박할 수 있는 증거를 제거하는 것이며, 한 번의 측정으로는 더 넓은 주장을 입증할 수 없습니다.
Work from known quantities
- State the known values and their units. Choose the relation because its assumptions fit this case, then rearrange before substitution.
- Known: in a fictional exothermic A ⇌ B mixture at equilibrium, the supplied product fraction is 70% at a lower temperature and 55% at a higher one. Warming favours the reverse endothermic direction, consistent with the 15 percentage-point decrease. In a stated total of 200 represented particles, product counts are 140 and 110; the decrease is 30. These numbers are illustrative, not actual chemical yield data.
A supplied product fraction falls from 64% to 49% on warming. Find the decrease in percentage points. Use the same sequence: known quantities → model → relation → substitution → unit and interpretation.
가열 시 제시된 생성물 분율이 64%에서 49%로 감소했습니다. 퍼센트 포인트 감소량을 구하십시오.
난이도 2/5 · 140 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
결과는 15 포인트입니다.已知: 생성물 분율이 64%에서 49%로 감소했습니다. 감소분 = 64 - 49 = 15 포인트입니다. 상대 변화율로는 15/64 x 100 = 23%입니다. 두 척도를 구분하여 유지하십시오.
Check the conclusion and its limits
- Do not write heating always increases equilibrium yield. The term exothermic must attach to a direction, not to the reversible pair without qualification. Percentage-point change is not the same as percentage change relative to the original value. A faster approach to equilibrium does not prove a more product-rich equilibrium.
- Return to the original observation. Explain what the result supports, which conditions it assumes, and one way to test a competing explanation.
Heating always increases the equilibrium proportion of products. This claim is false: Heating favours whichever direction ABSORBS energy. If the forward reaction is endothermic, heating helps products; if it is exothermic, heating helps reactants. "Heating always helps products" is wrong for exothermic reactions such as ammonia synthesis.
Higher Tier: warming favours the endothermic direction: Both forward and reverse reactions can become faster on warming, yet their relative rate balance changes, causing a net shift before a new equilibrium is reached. For an exothermic forward industrial reaction, a low temperature may favour yield while slowing production; an appropriate temperature choice can be a compromise. A catalyst can help rate without turning that exothermic forward direction into an endothermic one or increasing its equilibrium yield at fixed conditions.
가열은 항상 평형에서 생성물의 비율을 증가시킵니다.
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가열은 에너지를 흡수하는 방향을 선호합니다. 전방 반응이 흡열이면 가열은 생성물을, 발열이면 반응物를 돕습니다. "가열은 항상 생성물을 돕는다"는 암모니아 합성 같은 발열 반응에서는 틀린 말입니다.
주위로부터 에너지를 취하는 반응 방향: 이 기술 용어를 적으십시오.
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흡열 방향은 주위로부터 에너지를 취하는 반응 방향을 의미합니다.