고등 수준: 반응물을 추가하거나 생성물을 제거하기
도입됨| English | 의미 |
|---|---|
| concentration disturbance/ˌkɒnsənˈtreɪʃn dɪˈstɜːbəns/ | 농도 교란 |
| re-equilibration/riː ˌiːkwɪlɪˈbreɪʃn/ | 평형 재형성 |
What would explain this observation?
- Higher Tier: Removing a product can draw a reversible system toward forming more of it. The response partly replaces what was removed; it does not imply product concentration never fell.
- Start with a prediction. State the quantities or features you would compare, then decide what evidence could distinguish two explanations.
Build the model
- Changing a reactant or product concentration disturbs an equilibrium. Increasing a reactant concentration favours a net forward reaction, consuming some added reactant and forming more products until equilibrium returns. Decreasing a product concentration also favours forward reaction. Increasing a product favours the reverse reaction, while removing a reactant favours reverse formation of that reactant. Use the actual balanced equation to identify each side.
- concentration disturbance 浓度扰动: An imposed change to a reactant or product concentration at equilibrium; re-equilibration 重新达到平衡: Adjustment until forward and reverse reaction rates become equal again.
일정한 온도에서 A ⇌ B에서 B를 제거할 때, 어떤 순반응이 유리합니까?
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B를 제거하면 균형이 깨지고, 시스템은 A를 일부 B로 전환하여 대응합니다 - 정방향 반응이 선호됨. 반응은 멈추지 않으며, 역방향은 B를 제거하는 것을 억제하는 방향입니다.
각 전문 용어에 대한 정확한 의미를 매칭하시오.
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정의를 사용하여 유사한 양과 과정을 구분하시오.
Choose evidence that can test it
- Separate the immediate imposed change from the response. If product is removed, its amount first falls; a subsequent net forward change can raise it from that lowered value without necessarily restoring the original level. At the new equilibrium both directions again occur at equal rates. A plot may show a sudden jump in the changed species followed by slower adjustment; the other species need not have the same immediate jump.
- Use original fictional particle or concentration data with a stated fixed temperature and appropriate mixture model. Identify the species directly changed, then predict which direction uses it or replaces it. Real solution mixing can change volume as well as amount, so concentration comparisons need that information. The simple one-to-one particle model is an explanation aid; it is not a numerical equilibrium-constant method.
이 경우 조사 또는 모델이 더 타당하게 만들 수 있는 두 가지 습관은 무엇인가?
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조건과 가정을 명시하면 다른 사람이 정확히 작업을 재현할 수 있으며, 근거 증거를 기록하면 결론을 검증할 수 있습니다. 반대되는 결과를 숨기는 것은 잘못된 결론을 반박할 수 있는 증거를 제거하는 것이며, 한 번의 측정으로는 더 넓은 주장을 입증할 수 없습니다.
Work from known quantities
- State the known values and their units. Choose the relation because its assumptions fit this case, then rearrange before substitution.
- Known: A ⇌ B starts with 40 A and 60 B particles. Removing 20 B immediately leaves 40 A and 40 B. The subsequent response converts a net eight A to B, producing 32 A and 48 B at the supplied new equilibrium. B rose by eight after removal but remains twelve below its original 60. Matter removal was the imposed disturbance; subsequent conversion conserves the remaining total of 80.
A supplied model has 75 B particles, removes 25, then forms a net 12 more during adjustment. Find final B count. Use the same sequence: known quantities → model → relation → substitution → unit and interpretation.
제시된 모델에는 75개의 B 입자가 있으며, 25개를 제거하고 조정 과정에서 순반응으로 12개 추가합니다. 최종 B의 개수를 구하십시오.
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결과는 62 입자입니다. 주어진 조건: 75 B 입자; 25 제거 후 Remaining 50; then a net 12 more form during adjustment. Final B count = 75 - 25 + 12 = 62 입자. 반응은 제거된 양의 일부만 대체합니다.
Check the conclusion and its limits
- Do not claim the product-removal operation itself immediately increases product concentration. A forward shift need not mean the final product amount exceeds its pre-removal value. Adding an unrelated substance is not automatically the same as adding a reactant. This whole section is Higher-only and requires qualitative interpretation, not memorised K calculations.
- Return to the original observation. Explain what the result supports, which conditions it assumes, and one way to test a competing explanation.
Removing a product means its amount never decreases. This claim is false: Removing the product LOWERS its amount immediately; the forward shift then recovers only part of the loss. The final product amount stays below its original value - the disturbance is opposed, not reversed.
Higher Tier: add a reactant or remove a product: Separate the immediate imposed change from the response. If product is removed, its amount first falls; a subsequent net forward change can raise it from that lowered value without necessarily restoring the original level. At the new equilibrium both directions again occur at equal rates. A plot may show a sudden jump in the changed species followed by slower adjustment; the other species need not have the same immediate jump.
생성물을 제거하면 그 양은 절대 감소하지 않습니다.
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생성물을 제거하면 즉시 양이 감소하며, 전방 평형 이동은 손실의 일부만 회복합니다. 최종 생성물 양은 원래 값보다 낮게 유지되어 교란이 상쇄될 뿐 역전되지 않습니다.
평형 상태의 반응물 또는 생성물 농도에 가해지는 변화: 이 기술 용어를 적으십시오.
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농도 교란은 평형 상태의 반응물 또는 생성물 농도에 가해지는 변화를 의미합니다.