From famine to steady growth
- In the 17th century, small landholdings, low-productivity agricultural practices, poor transportation and adverse weather limited and disrupted the food supply, causing periodic famines.
- By the 18th century, the balance between population and the food supply stabilised, resulting in steady population growth.
- Four named causes of the earlier crisis, and 3.3's Agricultural Revolution is what removes them.
CED가 언급한 17세기 식량 혼란의 원인을 모두 선택하시오.
난이도 2/5 · 140 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
이동은 후기의 성장에 따른 결과이지, 기근의 원인이 아님.
Growth was still restrained
- Although the rate of illegitimate births increased in the 18th century, population growth was limited by the European marriage pattern, and in some areas by various birth control methods.
- 1.10 introduced the marriage pattern as a response to hardship; here it is still operating in better times.
- So a demographic habit outlived the crisis that produced it, which is a good example of continuity.
유럽 결혼 패턴은 18세기에still 성장을 제한함.
난이도 1/5 · 100 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
그로 인해 발생한 위기 이후에도 지속된 인구 통계적 습관.
Childhood and private life
- As infant and child mortality decreased, and commercial wealth increased, families dedicated more space and resources to children and child-rearing, as well as private life and comfort.
- The CED gives two causes — lower mortality and more wealth — and one consequence with three parts.
- More space is literal: houses acquire rooms with doors, and 4.5's consumer revolution furnishes them.
기근의 원인, 성장의 저해因素, 혹은 결과 중哪一个인가?
인구 통계적 변화의 각 요소를 분류하시오.
CED가 제시한 가족이 자녀에 더 많은 투자를 하는 원인 두 가지를 모두 선택하시오.
난이도 2/5 · 140 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
그 결과는 세 부분으로 구성됨: 자녀, 사적 생활, 안락함.
The European marriage pattern was still restraining growth in better times. 1.10 introduced it as a response to hardship, and 4.4 records it still operating in the eighteenth century — a demographic habit that outlived the crisis that produced it.
CED의 도시 관련 문장은 ...을 제공함.
난이도 1/5 · 100 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
도시 성장은 운동의 징후이며, 운동은 양쪽 끝에서 모두 파장적임.
Cities pulled and strained
- Cities offered economic opportunities, which attracted increasing migration from rural areas, transforming urban life and creating challenges for the new urbanites and their families.
- The CED gives the pull and the cost in one sentence, as it did in 1.10.
- So urban growth is not a sign of prosperity alone — it is a sign of movement, and movement is disruptive at both ends.
CED의 "more ____"라는 표현은 문자 그대로: 주택이 문이 달린 방을 추가함.
난이도 1/5 · 100 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
4.5절의 소비 혁명이 이를 마련함.
Factors and consequences
- The objective is the factors contributing to and the consequences of demographic changes from 1648 to 1815.
- Factors: agricultural improvement, better transport, and the marriage pattern acting as a brake.
- Consequences: steady growth, changed childhood, more private life, and urban migration with its strains.
A house with a corridor and separate bedrooms is a demographic fact before it is an architectural one. It becomes possible when fewer children die, when a family has money, and when both are common enough that builders design for it. The CED's more space is doing exactly that work.
Seventeenth-century famines came from small landholdings, low productivity, poor transport and adverse weather; by the eighteenth century the balance stabilised, producing steady growth. Growth was still limited by the European marriage pattern. Lower infant mortality and commercial wealth led families to dedicate more space and resources to children, private life and comfort. Cities offered opportunities, attracted migration, and created challenges.