수동태

• 7 수동태

  7.1

  일반現在/과거형의 수동태

  

  

  수동태 (the passive)는 동작의 대상을 주어로 하여 "어떻게 당했는가"를 강조하고, 누가 했는지는 중요하지 않습니다.

  구조: 主语 + be + 过去分词(be의 시제가 문장의 시제를 결정)

  • 일반현재 수동태: am / is / are + 과거분사.
  • 일반과거 수동태: was / were + 과거분사.

  英语English （被动）is 说spoken 这里here.

  여기는 영어가 쓰입니다. (또는 '여기는 영어를 쓴다') 窗户被打破了。

  （冠词）The 窗户window （被动）was 打破broken.

  창문이 깨졌습니다.

  주의 능동태에서 수동태로 바꾸기: 목적어가 주어로 이동하고, 동사가 be + 과거분사로 바뀝니다.They built it. → It was built.

  7.2

  by +動作执行者

  "누구에 의해"做了动作来说明时，使用 by + 动作执行者：

  这This 书book （被动）was 写written 被by 鲁迅Lu Xun.

  이 책은 루쉰이 썼습니다.

  수동태를 사용할 때:

  • 不知道或不重要是谁做的:The road was repaired.(道路被修缮了。)
  • 想强调承受者:The painting was bought by a museum.(这幅画被一家博物馆买走了。)*

  注意 如果执行者不重要，常常省略 by …:The shop is closed.(商店关门了。)*

  자주 하는 실수

  • ❌ ~~The window was broke. / The book was wrote by him.~~ → ✓ was broken / was written — 被动语态用过去分词，不是过去式；不规则动词的第三列要背熟。
  • ❌ ~~It was happened last night.~~ → ✓ It happened last night. — happen、appear、die 这类不及物动词没有被动语态。
  • ❌ ~~My phone was stolen by someone.~~ → ✓ My phone was stolen. — by someone / by people 是废话，直接删掉。
  • 中文说"我出生在……"是主动，英语永远用被动:✓ I was born in Chengdu.

모든 주제 · 영어 문법 · B1