조건문(Conditionals)

• 6 조건문(Conditionals)

  6.1

  零条件句与第一条件句

  

  English

  

  • Zero Conditional (general truths): If + 一般现在时, 一般现在时.
  • First Conditional (future possibilities): If + 一般现在时, will + 动词原形.

  如果If 你you 加热heat 水water （它）, it 沸腾boils.

  If you heat water, it boils. (General truth)

  如果If （天气it）it 下雨rains 我们, we 将will 留stay （在内）in.

  If it rains, we will stay at home. (Possible future)

  Note Use the simple present tense in the if-clause, even when referring to the future: ~~If it will rain~~ ✗ → If it rains ✓.

  6.2

  Second Conditional

  English

  The Second Conditional describes hypothetical situations regarding the present or future that are unreal or unlikely:

  Structure: If + 一般过去时, would + 动词原形

  如果If 我I 有had （冠词）a 很多lot （的）of 钱money 我, I 会would 旅行travel.

  If I had a lot of money, I would travel. (But I don't actually)

  Note In the Second Conditional, the verb be is typically standardized as were: If I were you, I would rest. (If I were you, I would rest.)

  6.3

  unless

  English

  unless means "except if / if ... not", equivalent to if … not:

  你You 会will （是）be 迟到late 除非unless 你you 快点hurry.

  You'll be late unless you hurry. (= if you don't hurry)

  Note unless already contains a negative meaning, so do not add not afterwards: ~~unless you don't hurry~~ ✗.

  Common Errors

  • ❌ ~~If I would be rich, I would travel.~~ → ✓ If I were rich, I would travel. — would appears only in the main clause; use the past tense in the if-clause.
  • ❌ ~~If it rains, we would stay home.~~ → ✓ If it rains, we will stay home. / If it rained, we would stay home. — Do not mix First and Second Conditionals; the entire sentence must follow one pattern.
  • ❌ ~~If I was you, I would rest.~~ → While heard in spoken English, use ✓ If I were you for exams and writing.
  • Comma Rule: If the if-clause comes before, add a comma (If it rains**,** we stay in.); if it comes after, no comma is needed (We stay in if it rains.).

모든 주제 · 영어 문법 · B1