미분 가능한 매핑 F(u,v)=(x,y)=(f(u,v),g(u,v))의 자코비안은 J=[[f_u,f_v],[g_u,g_v]]입니다. 작은 변화는 [dx,dy] (전치)=J[du,dv] (전치)를 1차 근사적으로 만족합니다. y를 고정하고 u_x를 구하기 위해 두 정의 방정식을 x에 대해 미분하면 f_u u_x+f_v v_x=1와 g_u u_x+g_v v_x=0이 됩니다. 이는 두 개의 독립적인 스칼라 역 규칙이 아닌 연립 선형 시스템입니다.
If f and g are continuously differentiable near the point and det J=f_u g_v−f_v g_u is nonzero there, the inverse-function theorem supplies a differentiable local inverse. Its derivative is J⁻¹=(1/det J)[[g_v,−f_v],[−g_u,f_u]]. Thus u_x=g_v/det J, u_y=−f_v/det J, v_x=−g_u/det J and v_y=f_u/det J. Evaluate every derivative at the corresponding point. A local inverse need not extend to a global one.
For implicit equations H(u,v,x,y)=0 and K(u,v,x,y)=0, differentiate while fixing the requested independent coordinate. Solve [[H_u,H_v],[K_u,K_v]][u_x,v_x] (transpose)=−[H_x,K_x] (transpose). The determinant in the unknown variables u,v must be nonzero to use the usual implicit-function theorem. Signs on the right come from moving known derivatives to the other side. If the determinant vanishes, this theorem is inconclusive; it does not by itself prove no inverse or no implicit solution exists.
The scalar shortcut du/dx=1/(dx/du) holds for a one-variable inverse with nonzero derivative, but usually fails for a coupled system because v changes to keep y fixed. For x=u+v,y=u+2v, J=[[1,1],[1,2]] has determinant 1 and inverse [[2,−1],[−1,1]]. Therefore u_x=2 while 1/f_u=1. An inverse Jacobian transforms differential sensitivities; a change-of-variables integral instead uses the absolute determinant for area or volume scaling, not a selected inverse entry.