専門化、通貨および金融市場
導入済み| English | 意味 |
|---|---|
| medium of exchange/ˈmiːdɪəm ɒv eksˈtʃeɪndʒ/ | 交換手段 |
| forward contract/ˈfɔːwəd ˈkɒntrækt/ | 先物契約 |
A decision you can investigate
- A specialist repairer cannot live only on repairs. The repairer needs food, housing and transport supplied by other people.
- Specialization requires a way to exchange output and finance activity.
Build the explanation
- Division of labour splits production into specialized tasks. Repetition can develop skill, reduce switching time and support specialized tools; coordination, boredom and dependency can be costs. Adam Smith emphasized these mechanisms in his account of specialization.
- Money is a medium of exchange 交换媒介, measure of value, store of value and standard of deferred payment. It avoids the need for a double coincidence of wants under barter. Financial markets help people save, obtain funds, make transactions, agree future commodity/currency exchange and trade equity ownership.
Work through the evidence
- A repairer earns 600 yuan and spends 300 on food, 100 on transport and saves 200. Money connects separate suppliers without requiring each to need a repair. A business can finance equipment by borrowing or issuing equity; equity gives an ownership claim rather than a fixed-interest loan.
- A fictional importer agrees now to buy 1000 dollars in three months at 7 yuan per dollar. The forward agreement fixes 7000 yuan of currency cost. If the later spot rate is 8, the agreement avoids an 8000-yuan spot cost; if it is 6, it forgoes a cheaper 6000-yuan spot purchase.
架空の先物契約が固定する通貨コストは何ですか？
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
1000 ドル × 7 米ドルあたり元 = 7000 元。
Test the limits
- A forward hedges a stated exposure; it does not guarantee an overall profit. Counterparty risk and contract terms still matter. Saving does not instantly become productive investment in every case.
- Money’s store-of-value function can weaken under inflation. Equity returns are uncertain and ownership can be diluted. Specialization benefits depend on demand, quality and coordination. Smith’s original pin-making discussion is in The Wealth of Nations, Book I, Chapter I. Read its task/skill/time-saving argument, not an unsupported claim that all modern production has the same gains.
株式と借入金を区別するのはどれか？
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
株式保有者は出資持分を持ち、貸手は債権を持つ。
先物契約は、その買い手が最終的に最も有利な為替レートを得ることを保証する。
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
レートを固定しますが、後日スポットレートの方が有利になる可能性があります。
Apply and explain your answer
- Why can the forward agreement help planning even if the later spot rate is cheaper?
- It fixes the currency cost in advance, exchanging possible savings for reduced uncertainty.
貨幣は物々交換と比較してどの問題を軽減するか？
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
共通の支払手段は、相互の一致要件を除去する。
Use the terms precisely
- medium of exchange: An accepted means of paying for goods and services.
- forward contract 远期合约: An agreement now for an exchange at specified terms on a future date.
用語とそれぞれの意味を結びつけよ。
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
各用語を、その明示された経済的関係に用いること。
A repairer earns 600 yuan and spends 300 on food, 100 on transport and saves 200. Money connects separate suppliers without requiring each to need a repair. A business can finance equipment by borrowing or issuing equity; equity gives an ownership claim rather than a fixed-interest loan. A fictional importer agrees now to buy 1000 dollars in three months at 7 yuan per dollar. The forward agreement fixes 7000 yuan of currency cost. If the later spot rate is 8, the agreement avoids an 8000-yuan spot cost; if it is 6, it forgoes a cheaper 6000-yuan spot purchase.
A forward hedges a stated exposure; it does not guarantee an overall profit. Counterparty risk and contract terms still matter. Saving does not instantly become productive investment in every case. Money’s store-of-value function can weaken under inflation. Equity returns are uncertain and ownership can be diluted. Specialization benefits depend on demand, quality and coordination. Smith’s original pin-making discussion is in The Wealth of Nations, Book I, Chapter I. Read its task/skill/time-saving argument, not an unsupported claim that all modern production has the same gains.
Division of labour splits production into specialized tasks. Repetition can develop skill, reduce switching time and support specialized tools; coordination, boredom and dependency can be costs. Adam Smith emphasized these mechanisms in his account of specialization.