土地利用と泥炭：生息地と炭素の影響
導入済み| English | 意味 |
|---|---|
| peat/piːt/ | 泥炭 |
| habitat fragmentation/ˈhæbɪtæt ˌfræɡmənˈteɪʃn/ | 生息地の分断 |
What would explain this observation?
- Peat 泥炭 can be sold as compost while its removal destroys a habitat and exposes stored carbon. An evaluation needs both production and environmental consequences.
- Start with a prediction. State the quantities or features you would compare, then decide what evidence could distinguish two explanations.
Build the model
- Building, quarrying, farming and dumping waste reduce land available for other organisms. Habitat removal affects plants, animals and microorganisms, and fragmentation can separate surviving populations. Peat bogs support particular communities; extracting peat for garden compost reduces this habitat and its biodiversity.
- peat: Accumulated partly decomposed organic material in peatland; habitat fragmentation 生境破碎化: Division of a habitat into separated patches.
泥炭採取の結果2つを正しく説明する組はどれか？
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
泥炭の採取は特殊な生息地を破壊し、何千年も蓄積された炭素を酸化させて大気中に放出する。新たな生息地を作り出すことなく、炭素を蓄積するのではなく解放してしまう。
各専門用語を正確な意味と対応させよ。
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
関連する物理量やプロセスを区別するために定義を使用せよ。
Choose evidence that can test it
- Peat contains accumulated organic material. Decay or burning releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Keeping peat intact helps retain that carbon store. The specification asks students to weigh cheap available compost and food-production needs against habitat conservation and reduced emissions. Alternative materials also require evidence about cost, performance and environmental impacts.
- Use supplied land-area and carbon-account records to compare proposals. Distinguish the area directly removed from surrounding habitat affected by drainage or fragmentation. State the stakeholder benefit and the ecological cost, then identify practical alternatives and what monitoring could test their effects.
この場合、調査やモデルをより妥当にする2つの習慣は何か。
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
条件や仮定を明記することで他者が正確に再現でき、根拠となる証拠を記録することで結論を検証できます。相反する結果を隠すと、誤った結論を疑う証拠を失いますし、単一の測定でより広い主張を成立させることはできません。
Work from known quantities
- State the known values and their units. Choose the relation because its assumptions fit this case, then rearrange before substitution.
- Known: a fictional peat habitat falls from 80 to 60 hectares after the stated land-use change. Area loss = 20 hectares, or 25% of the starting area. This does not imply a 25% loss of every species: species distribution and habitat quality are also needed.
A model peat habitat falls from 120 to 90 hectares. Find percentage area loss. Use the same sequence: known quantities → model → relation → substitution → unit and interpretation.
モデルの泥炭生息地が120ヘクタールから90ヘクタールへ減少しました。面積減少率を求めよ。
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
結果は25 %である。既知：生息地は120ヘクタールから90ヘクタールに減少する。減少量 = 30 ヘクタール。減少割合 = 30/120 × 100 = 25 %。種の減少には分布データが必要であり、面積だけでは算出できない。
Check the conclusion and its limits
- Peat is not simply an inexhaustible mineral fertiliser. Habitat loss and carbon release are separate consequences. A percentage area change cannot be converted directly into carbon emissions without a supplied carbon-density and release model.
- Return to the original observation. Explain what the result supports, which conditions it assumes, and one way to test a competing explanation.
A 25% habitat-area loss proves every species declined by exactly 25%. This claim is false: Species differ in how much habitat they need and which parts they use, so area loss and species decline are not proportional. A 25% area loss could extinguish a species confined to the lost quarter.
Land use and peat: habitat and carbon consequences: Peat contains accumulated organic material. Decay or burning releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Keeping peat intact helps retain that carbon store. The specification asks students to weigh cheap available compost and food-production needs against habitat conservation and reduced emissions. Alternative materials also require evidence about cost, performance and environmental impacts.
生息地面積の 25 % 減少は、すべての種がちょうど 25 % 減少したことを証明する。
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
種ごとに必要な生息地の量や利用部位が異なるため、面積の減少と種の減少が比例するわけではない。25 %の面積減少でも、失われた四分の一の領域に限定された種は絶滅する可能性がある。
泥炭地において蓄積された部分的に分解された有機物を表す専門用語を記せ。
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
泥炭とは、泥炭地において蓄積された部分的に分解された有機物を指す。