| English | 意味 |
|---|---|
| central nervous system/ˈsentrəl ˈnɜːvəs ˈsɪstəm/ | 中枢神経系 |
| spinal cord/ˈspaɪnl kɔːd/ | 脊髄 |
| peripheral nervous system/pəˈrɪfərəl ˈnɜːvəs ˈsɪstəm/ | 末梢神経系 |
| somatic/səˈmætɪk/ | 体性 |
| autonomic/ɔːtəˈnɒmɪk/ | 自律 |
| sympathetic/ˌsɪmpəˈθetɪk/ | 交感 |
| parasympathetic/ˌpærəˌsɪmpəˈθetɪk/ | 副交感 |
Pull your hand back before you feel the heat
- Touch something hot and your hand moves before you notice the pain.
- Two different parts of the body did those two jobs, at two different speeds.
- Unit 1 is about which part does what.
The central nervous system
- The central nervous system 中枢神经系统 (CNS) is the brain and the spinal cord 脊髓.
- It interacts with every process in the body.
- It is where decisions are made and where most sensation is finally registered.
中枢神経系は...から成る
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CNS（中枢神経系）は脳と脊髄からなり、それ以外は末梢である.
The peripheral nervous system
- The peripheral nervous system 周围神经系统 (PNS) relays messages between the CNS and the rest of the body.
- Its somatic 躯体的 branch carries voluntary movement — raising your hand.
- Its autonomic 自主的 branch runs involuntary processes — heartbeat, digestion.
これは神経系のどの部分か？
各構造または機能を正しい枝に配置せよ.
消化などの自律的なプロセスを担う末梢神経系の____枝だ.
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自律的枝は自律的なプロセスを担い、体性枝は随意運動を担う.
自律神経系が管理するプロセスをすべて選択せよ.
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立ち上がることは随意運動なので、体性枝に属する.
Do not treat autonomic as meaning "automatic and unchangeable". Breathing is autonomic and you can still hold your breath; the two branches also overlap in time rather than switching cleanly from one to the other.
副交感神経系は、闘争または逃避のための準備をする.
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こちらは交感神経系の枝である. 副交感神経系はその後体を落ち着かせる.
Two branches that work against each other
- The sympathetic 交感 branch prepares the body for action — the "fight or flight" response.
- The parasympathetic 副交感 branch calms the body afterwards.
- They oppose each other on purpose: one spends resources, the other restores them.
各枝をそれぞれの機能に一致させよ.
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体性＝随意；交感神経系＝興奮；副交感神経系＝鎮静.
Holding the whole tree
- Nervous system splits into central and peripheral.
- Peripheral splits into somatic (voluntary) and autonomic (involuntary).
- Autonomic splits into sympathetic (arouse) and parasympathetic (calm).
You hear a loud bang. Your heart rate jumps, your pupils widen and digestion slows — the sympathetic branch. A minute later you realise it was a door, and your heart slows again — the parasympathetic branch restoring the body.
The CNS is brain plus spinal cord. The PNS carries messages to and from it, splitting into somatic (voluntary) and autonomic (involuntary), and the autonomic splits again into sympathetic (arouse) and parasympathetic (calm).