| English | 意味 |
|---|---|
| lens/lenz/ | レンズ |
A magnifying glass, a camera, your own eye
- Hold a magnifying glass over a page and the letters swell; a camera shrinks a whole scene onto a sensor.
- Both use a lens 透镜, a shaped piece of glass that bends light by refraction.
- By bending rays to meet, a lens builds an image of whatever it looks at.
- Two simple rays are all you need to find where that image sits.
Converging and diverging lenses
- A converging (convex) lens is thicker in the middle; it bends parallel rays together to a focus.
- A diverging (concave) lens is thinner in the middle; it spreads parallel rays apart.
- The focal length $f$ is the distance from the lens to its focal point.
- A converging lens is the workhorse of cameras, projectors and the human eye.

収束レンズ(凸レンズ)とは:
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収束レンズは中央が厚く、平行光線を一点に集める。
Drawing the ray diagram
- Ray 1: from the top of the object, parallel to the axis, then bent through the far focus.
- Ray 2: from the top of the object, straight through the centre of the lens (undeviated).
- Where the two rays cross is the top of the image.
- Beyond the focal point the image is real and inverted; inside it, virtual and upright (a magnifier).
レンズの像を構築する
物体を焦点より近くや遠くに動かし、像が実像から虚像へ切り替わる様子を見よ。
収束レンズの焦点距離より遠側に置かれた物体が作る像は:
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$f$ より外側では、光線が交差して実像・反転像を作る。
レンズに関する正しい文をすべて選べ。
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収束レンズは光線を集め(発散レンズは広げる)、中心光線は屈折せず、焦点距離内では拡大鏡となる。
The lens equation
- Object distance $u$, image distance $v$ and focal length $f$ obey $\dfrac{1}{f} = \dfrac{1}{u} + \dfrac{1}{v}$.
- Solve it to find exactly where the image forms and how big it is.
- The magnification is the ratio of image to object height (or $v/u$).
- Camera and eye both move the lens or change $f$ to keep the image sharp.
物体が会合レンズの$6\ \text{cm}$に置かれています。このレンズの焦点距離は$f = 2\ \text{cm}$です。像距離$v$はいくつcmですか?
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$1/v = 1/2 - 1/6 = 2/6 \Rightarrow v = 3\ \text{cm}$.
レンズの式は $\dfrac{1}{f} = \dfrac{1}{u} + \dfrac{1}{\_\_}$ (記号填入)。
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$1/f = 1/u + 1/v$ — 物体距離、像距離、焦点距離。
A converging lens does not always give a real, inverted image. When the object is inside the focal length, the image is virtual, upright and magnified — that is exactly how a magnifying glass works. The object must be beyond $f$ to get a real, inverted image.
拡大鏡として使われる収束レンズは、物体を焦点距離内におき、虚像・正立・拡大された像を作る。
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$f$ より内側では、像は虚像・正立・拡大される — これが拡大鏡のケースである。
An object is $6\ \text{cm}$ from a converging lens of focal length $f = 2\ \text{cm}$. Find the image distance $v$.
- $\dfrac{1}{v} = \dfrac{1}{f} - \dfrac{1}{u} = \dfrac{1}{2} - \dfrac{1}{6} = \dfrac{3-1}{6} = \dfrac{2}{6}$.
- $v = 3\ \text{cm}$ — a real, inverted image on the far side.
A converging lens bends parallel rays to a focus and forms an image; use the parallel ray and the centre ray to find it. Beyond $f$ the image is real and inverted; inside $f$ it is virtual, upright and magnified. The lens equation $\dfrac1f = \dfrac1u + \dfrac1v$ locates it.