| English | 意味 |
|---|---|
| The Agricultural Revolution/ðɪ ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəl ˌrevəˈluːʃn/ | 農業革命 |
| cottage industry/ˈkɒtɪdʒ ˈɪndʌstri/ | コテージ産業 |
More food from the same land
- The Agricultural Revolution 农业革命 raised productivity and increased the supply of food and other agricultural products.
- The importation and transplantation of agricultural products from the Americas contributed to an increase in the food supply in Europe.
- So unit 1's Columbian Exchange arrives here as a cause of European food supply — the same fact, put to work in a new argument.
このCEDの文における「法人（Corporate entities）」とは...
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
この文は制限が撤廃されたことについて述べている。
Restrictions loosened
- Labour and trade in commodities were increasingly freed from traditional restrictions imposed by governments and corporate entities.
- Corporate entities here means guilds and chartered bodies, not modern companies.
- So the market grew partly by removal: fewer rules about who may work at what and who may sell where.
出荷制度では、生産は家庭内で行われ、市場は...
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
ギルド工房と工場との間の段階である。
The putting-out system
- The putting-out system, or cottage industry 家庭手工业, expanded as increasing numbers of labourers in homes or workshops produced for markets through merchant intermediaries or workshop owners.
- Production is still domestic, and the market is not — which is the point.
- It is the step between the guild workshop of unit 1 and the factory of unit 6.
市場経済を一本一本構築する
「イギリスには市場経済があった」という結論に対して、これら4つの要素は論証である。
第1単元のクリスチアン・コロンブス交流が、ヨーロッパの____供給の要因としてここに登場する。
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
同じ事実が、新しい論証において活用されている。
"Corporate entities" in the CED means guilds and chartered bodies. It is an early-modern term for the collective bodies that regulated who could work at a trade — reading it as modern corporations reverses the sentence, which is about restrictions being removed.
CEDがここで指摘している変化をすべて選択せよ。
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
工場は第6単元に含まれる。
New financial practices
- The development of the market economy led to new financial practices and institutions.
- Early modern Europe developed a market economy that provided the foundation for its global role.
- The CED's second sentence is the unit's largest economic claim, and 3.4 supplies its global half.
CEDは、近代初期ヨーロッパの市場経済がその世界的役割の基盤を提供したと述べている。
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
これが単元の最大の経済的主張であり、3.4がその世界的側面を裏付けている。
Continuities and changes
- The objective is the continuities and changes in commercial and economic developments from 1648 to 1815.
- Change: higher yields, freer trade, the putting-out system, new financial institutions.
- Continuity: most production still domestic or agricultural, and unit 1's hierarchies of status intact.
A merchant delivers wool to twenty households, collects the spun yarn, and sells it in a city three hundred miles away. No factory exists and no guild controls the work. Production looks medieval and the market does not — which is exactly why the putting-out system sits between units 1 and 6.
The Agricultural Revolution raised productivity, helped by American products transplanted to Europe. Labour and commodity trade were increasingly freed from restrictions imposed by governments and corporate entities (guilds and chartered bodies). The putting-out system expanded, with domestic production for distant markets. New financial practices and institutions followed, and early modern Europe's market economy provided the foundation for its global role.