Portugal built the first network
- The Portuguese established a commercial network along the African coast, in South and East Asia, and in South America in the late 15th and throughout the 16th centuries.
- The CED gives the geography precisely: three regions and roughly a century.
- A commercial network is a chain of posts along a route, which is the trading-post model rather than territorial rule.
CEDがポルトガルネットワークを位置づける すべて の地域を選択せよ。
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
15世紀末から16世紀全体にわたる。
The centre of European economic power moved
- The exchange of goods shifted the centre of economic power in Europe from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic states and brought the latter into an expanding world economy.
- That is a change inside Europe caused by activity outside it — the cleanest example in the unit.
- Italian cities that had dominated the Mediterranean trade did not decline because they got worse; the routes moved.
ヨーロッパの経済的中心は地中海から……へと移行した。
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
外部での活動によって引き起こされた、ヨーロッパ内部の変化。
The Columbian Exchange, both ways
- The exchange of new plants, animals and diseases — the Columbian Exchange — created economic opportunities for Europeans.
- In some cases it also facilitated European subjugation and destruction of indigenous peoples, particularly in the Americas.
- The CED writes both sentences, and an answer that gives only one has quoted half the subtopic.
経済的影响、社会的影响、あるいはネットワーク自体か？
各項目を、どの目的に回答するかによって分類せよ。
CEDが列挙する植民地拡大に関する結果をすべて3つ選択せよ。
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
CEDはこれらを明確に記述しており、試験でも同様に明確に記述することが期待される。
The CED writes both halves of the Columbian Exchange. It created economic opportunities for Europeans and in some cases facilitated European subjugation and destruction of indigenous peoples. An answer giving only opportunity, or only destruction, has quoted half of what it is answering from.
CEDはコロンブス交換を単なる経済的機会としてのみ記述している。
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
また、あるケースでは従属と破壊を促進したとも述べている。
The full statement of the consequences
- Europe's colonial expansion led to a global exchange of goods, flora, fauna, cultural practices and diseases, resulting in the destruction of some indigenous civilisations, a shift toward European dominance, and the expansion of the trade in enslaved persons.
- Three named results: destruction, dominance, an expanded trade in enslaved persons.
- The CED states them plainly, and the exam expects them stated plainly too.
各証拠をそれぞれの目的と対応させよ。
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
2つの目的があり、それぞれ異なる証拠を要する。
Economic and social impacts, separately
- This subtopic carries two objectives — economic impact and social and cultural impact — and they take different evidence.
- Economic: the Atlantic shift, new goods, and the profits of a network.
- Social and cultural: cultural practices exchanged, civilisations destroyed, and populations enslaved.
Venice does not become worse at trade in 1500. The goods that had made it rich begin arriving by a route that does not pass it. That is what "the centre of economic power shifted" means, and it is why a change outside Europe reorganised power inside it.
The Portuguese established a commercial network along the African coast, in South and East Asia and in South America. The exchange of goods shifted the centre of European economic power from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic states. The Columbian Exchange created economic opportunities for Europeans and in some cases facilitated subjugation and destruction of indigenous peoples, with expansion resulting in destruction of some indigenous civilisations, a shift toward European dominance, and the expansion of the trade in enslaved persons.