文型

• 9 文型

  reference.pdf.ja 2ページ表示

  9.1

  要不是 …… (的话) ，…… — "if it weren't for"

  if it were not for要不是yào bú shì sets up a counterfactual — "if it weren't for …, (then) …" (≈ if如果rú guǒno不是bú shì). The second clause says what would otherwise have happened.

  Structure: 要不是 + Condition (的话) ，……

  if it weren't for要不是yào bú shìyou你nǐI，我wǒwould会huìget lost迷路mí lù。

  If it weren't for you, I'd get lost.

  if it weren't for要不是yào bú shìthe traffic堵车dǔ chēI，我wǒalready早就zǎo jiùarrived到dào了le。

  If not for the traffic, I'd already be here.

  Remember: if it were not for要不是yào bú shì = "if it weren't for…" (= if如果rú guǒno不是bú shì) — an unreal condition that didn't happen, with the result clause spelling out the road not taken. if it were not for要不是yào bú shìtraffic jam堵车dǔ chē，I / me我wǒalready at an earlier time早就zǎo jiùto / arrive到dào(completed / change)了le ("if not for the traffic, I'd be there").

  Watch out

  • It's counterfactual — the condition is contrary to fact (there was traffic), so the result is what would have been.

  9.2

  多亏 (了) — "thanks to, luckily"

  thanks to多亏duō kuī gives grateful credit that a bad outcome was dodged — "thanks to, luckily (because of)." It often takes (completed / change)了le and pairs with not so不然bù rán / otherwise否则fǒu zé ("otherwise").

  Structure: Good Outcome ，多亏 (了) + Lucky Incident

  I我wǒwasn't没méilate迟到chí dàothanks to，多亏duō kuī了leyou你nǐdriving开车kāi chēme送sòng我wǒ。

  I wasn't late, thanks to you giving me a ride.

  luckily多亏duō kuīyou你nǐreminded me提醒tí xǐngotherwise，不然bù ránI我wǒsurely肯定kěn dìngforget忘wàng了le。

  Luckily you reminded me — otherwise I'd definitely have forgotten.

  Remember: thanks to多亏duō kuī = "thanks to (you/it), disaster dodged." It credits a specific person or thing (whereas fortunately幸亏xìng kuī thanks plain luck), and it loves a not so不然bù rán / otherwise否则fǒu zé to spell out the averted bad outcome.

  Watch out

  • It's gratitude for a near-miss — pair it with the "otherwise…" to show what was avoided.

  9.3

  (仅仅) 是 …… 而已 — "that's all, merely"

  End a sentence with that's all而已ér yǐ to play the matter down — "merely …, that's all, nothing more." It often rides with merely只是zhǐ shì / exactly就是jiù shì / only then / not until才cái.

  Structure: (只是 / 就是 +) …… + 而已

  just a一杯yì bēicoffee咖啡kā fēithat's all而已ér yǐdon't，别biéso这么zhè mebe moved感动gǎn dòng。

  It's just a coffee — don't be so touched.

  I我wǒwas just只是zhǐ shìmaking开kāi个gea joke玩笑wán xiàothat's all而已ér yǐ。

  I was only joking, that's all.

  Remember: that's all而已ér yǐ deflates: "…and that's ALL, no big deal." It tags the end of a sentence, often after merely只是zhǐ shì / exactly就是jiù shì (merely只是zhǐ shìto play a joke开玩笑kāi wán xiàothat's all而已ér yǐ), shrinking the thing to nothing much.

  Watch out

  • It minimises — don't use it where you actually want to emphasise.

  9.4

  将 — formal 把

  In formal or written Chinese, to desire将jiāng does the job of (把: marks the object)把bǎ, moving the object before the verb — "take (object) and …."

  Structure: Subject + 将 + Object + Verb Phrase

  he他tā将jiāngall the这些zhè xiēcake蛋糕dàn gāo都dōuate up吃完chī wán了le。

  He ate up all the cake.

  please请qǐng将jiāngyour phone手机shǒu jīset调tiáoto成chéngsilent静音jìng yīn。

  Please set your phone to silent.

  Remember: to desire将jiāng = the written-Chinese (把: marks the object)把bǎ — same disposal job, formal register (to desire将jiāngcell phone手机shǒu jīto harmonize调diàoto succeed成chéngquiet静音jìng yīn = (把: marks the object)把bǎcell phone手机shǒu jīto harmonize调diàoto succeed成chéngquiet静音jìng yīn). You'll meet it in notices and announcements. (to desire将jiāng also means future "will / shall" — a separate use.)

  Watch out

  • Keep it for formal/written contexts — in speech, (把: marks the object)把bǎ is the natural choice.

すべてのトピック · HSK 5 文法