文型

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23 文型
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23.1
连 + 动词 + 都 + 不 / 没 + 动词 — "didn't even"

Repeat a verb around to link连lián … all / both都dōu + not不bù / not / haven't没méi to stress that the most basic action didn't even happen — "didn't even …." Add then / just就jiù for "without even …ing, (then) …."

Structure: 连 + Verb + 都 + 不 / 没 + (same) Verb (，就 ……)

this person这个人zhè ge rénI我wǒeven连liánmet见jiàn都dōuhaven't没méimet见过jiàn guo。

I've never even met this person.

he他tāeven连liánsay说shuō都dōudidn't不bùsay说shuōjust就jiùleft走zǒu了le。

that彼bǐはone / a一yīwords言yánもwords言yánわずにto go去qùった。

Japanese variant of 觉覚juéえておこう： to link連lián … all / both都dōu + the verb REPEATED maxes the emphasis — to appear见jiànall / both都dōunot / haven't没méito appear见jiàn(experienced)过guo ("never even met"). Tack on then / just就jiù for "without even …ing, then…": 连问lián wènall / both都dōuto pay no attention to不问bù wènthen / just就jiùto walk走zǒu(completed / change)了le ("left without even asking").

Watch out

The repeat is what does the work — 连见lián jiànall / both都dōunot / haven't没méito appear见jiàn(experienced)过guo, not to link连liánall / both都dōunot / haven't没méito appear见jiàn(experienced)过guo.
23.2
为 … 而 … — "for the sake of"

for为wèi A and / but而ér B ties a purpose to the action done for it — "do B for the sake of A." It's formal; the everyday swap is for为wèi → in order to为了wèi le. Negate with not不bùfor为wèi…and / but而ér….

Structure: Subject + 为 + Goal + 而 + Action

we我们wǒ menfor为wèiour dreams梦想mèng xiǎng而érstrive努力nǔ lì。

We strive for our dreams.

don't不要bú yàofor为了wèi leother people别人bié rén而érlive活huó。

Don't live for other people.

Remember: for为wèi (goal) and / but而ér (action) = "for the sake of … , (one) does …". and / but而ér elegantly bridges the why to the what. It's the formal cousin of in order to为了wèi le; in speech you'd more often just say in order to为了wèi le.

Watch out

This for为wèi reads wèi ("for") — the goal comes first, the action after and / but而ér.
23.3
任何 + 名词 + 都 / 也 — "any (at all)"

any任何rèn hé means "any (at all), whatsoever"; with all / both都dōu / also也yě it sweeps over every case — "any … at all." It takes no (modifier / structural particle)的de, and it's more emphatic and formal than what什么shén me.

Structure: 任何 + Noun + 都 / 也 + Predicate

any任何rèn héperson人rénat all都dōucan't不bù能néngpersuade说服shuō fúhim他tā。

No one at all can persuade him.

here这里zhè lǐany任何rèn hévehicle车chēat all都dōucan't不bù可以kě yǐpass通过tōng guò。

No vehicle at all may pass here.

Remember: any任何rèn hé = emphatic "any whatsoever" + all / both都dōu / also也yě — and NO (modifier / structural particle)的de (任何人rèn hé rén ✓, not any任何rèn hé(modifier / structural particle)的deperson人rén). It's the stronger, more formal sibling of what什么shén me (任何人rèn hé rén hits harder than who谁shéi/what什么shén meperson人rén).

Watch out

It always wants a all / both都dōu / also也yě to complete the sweep — 任何人rèn hé rénall / both都dōu…, not a bare 任何人rèn hé rén….
23.4
既 … 又 / 也 … — "both … and …"

already既jì A again又yòu B stacks two qualities that both hold — "both … and …." A and B should match in form (both adjectives, ideally both the same length). It's a more formal version of again又yòu…again又yòu….

Structure: 既 + A + 又 / 也 + B

this这家zhè jiārestaurant餐厅cān tīngboth既jìcheap便宜pián yiand又yòutasty好吃hǎo chī。

This restaurant is both cheap and tasty.

he他tādoes做zuòthings事情shì qingboth既jìfast快kuàiand又yòuwell好hǎo。

He does things both quickly and well.

Remember: already既jì A again又yòu B = "both A and B," and A and B should MATCH (same length/type) — already既jìcheap便宜pián yiagain又yòuto be fond of eating好吃hǎo chī, 既快jì kuàiagain又yòugood好hǎo. It's the dressed-up again又yòu…again又yòu…; already既jì opens, again又yòu / also也yě follows.

Watch out

Japanese variant of 对対duìaccording to照zhào(modifier / structural particle)的deなa little bit半分bàn fēnのJapanese variant of 读読dúみsquare方fāngがnot不bùnature自然zì ránです — AとBをparallel平行píng xíngにto defend保bǎoちましょう（どちらも2syllable音節yīn jié、どちらもto describe形容xíng róngword詞cí）。
23.5
… 上 / 下 / 内 / 横 — 場所

at / in在zài + location場所chǎng suǒ + (bound form) up上shàng / down下xià / inside内nèi / harsh and unreasonable横héng は、あるものがobject物体wù tǐにJapanese variant of 对対duìしてどこにあるかをto show示shìします。position位置wèi zhìto tell to語yǔは場所名chǎng suǒ míngword詞cíのback後hòuにto come来láiます — English (language)英語yīng yǔの "on the table" は at / in在zàitable桌子zhuō zi(bound form) up上shàng (「(bound form) machine机jīの(bound form) up上shàng」) となります。see 大夫大dàきなlocation場所chǎng suǒ（country国guóやcity都市dū shì）にはposition位置wèi zhìto tell to語yǔはいりません。

Structure: 在 + Location + 上 / 下 / 里 / 旁边

your你nǐ的dephone手机shǒu jīis in在zàithe bag包bāo里lǐ吗ma？

あなたのto carry携xiéJapanese variant of 带帯dàiはカバンのto hit (the mark)中zhōngにありますか？

the supermarket超市chāo shìis在zàimy house我家wǒ jiānext to旁边páng biān。

スーパーマーケットはpersonal私sīのhome家jiāのvariant of 邻隣línにあります。

to remember记住jì zhù： position位置wèi zhìto tell to語yǔはlocation場所chǎng suǒのback後hòuにto come来láiる — at / in在zàitable桌子zhuō zi(bound form) up上shàng, at / in在zàito cover包bāoli, ancient measure of…里lǐ, at / in在zàivariant of 床床chuángdown下xià — English (language)英語yīng yǔの "on/in the …" のcontrary逆nìです。そして see 大夫大dàきなlocation場所chǎng suǒにはposition位置wèi zhìto tell to語yǔがdon't不要bú yào: at / in在zàiChina中国zhōng guó ✓ (to decide決juéして at / in在zàiChina中国zhōng guóli, ancient measure of…里lǐ とはしません)。

Watch out

Japanese variant of 单単dānなる at / in在zàitable桌子zhuō zi はnot不bùcomplete完全wán quánです — anchoring するために (bound form) up上shàng / inside内nèi / down下xià がnecessary必要bì yàoです。