条件節

• 21 条件節

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  21.1

  只要 … 就 … — 「〜さえあれば」

  if only只要zhǐ yào … then / just就jiù … gives a sufficient condition — "as long as A, then B." A on its own is enough to guarantee B (even if it isn't the only route there).

  Structure: 只要 + Condition ，就 + Result

  as long as只要zhǐ yàoyou你nǐhard努力nǔ lìstudy学习xué xíthen，就jiùwill会huìmake有yǒuprogress进步jìn bù。

  to do with difficulty勉強miǎn qiángさえすれば、進歩jìn bùする。

  whenever只要zhǐ yàoit rains下雨xià yǔshe，她tāthen就jiùmood心情xīn qíngbad不好bù hǎo。

  ポイント： if only只要zhǐ yào ＝ 「〜only只zhǐto need需要xū yào」（very十分shí fēncondition条件tiáo jiàn、to repeat複fù(literary) frequently数shùのmethod方法fāng fǎのone / a一yīつかもしれない）；only have ...只有zhǐ yǒu ＝ 「〜Only if」（only唯一wéi yīのmethod方法fāng fǎ）。if only只要zhǐ yào はthen / just就jiù とJapanese variant of 对対duìになります；only has pairs with only then / not until才cái。one / a一yī vs only then / not until才cái のto disobey違wéiいがto distinguish識別shí biépoint点diǎnだ—below see only have ...只有zhǐ yǒu below.

  Remember: lock the pairs: if only只要zhǐ yào…then / just就jiù… = "enough → then" (sufficient); only have ...只有zhǐ yǒu…only then / not until才cái… = "the only way → then" (necessary). if only只要zhǐ yào reaches for then / just就jiù, only have ...只有zhǐ yǒu reaches for only then / not until才cái.

  Watch out

  • Swapping then / just就jiù for only then / not until才cái quietly turns "as long as" into "only if" — mind the partner.

  21.2

  除非 … 才 … / 否则 … — "unless"

  only if (..., or otherwise…除非chú fēi means "unless." Two common frames: Result，only if (..., or otherwise…除非chú fēi + Condition ("won't X unless Y"), and only if (..., or otherwise…除非chú fēi X，only then / not until才cái Y ("only if X, then Y"). It often partners otherwise否则fǒu zé / otherwise要不然yào bù rán ("otherwise"). All the weight falls on the one needed condition.

  構文gòu wén： Result ，除非 + Condition · 除非 + Condition ，才 + Result

  I我wǒwon't不bùgo去qùunless，除非chú fēiyou你nǐtoo也yěgo去qù。

  I won't go unless you go too.

  only if除非chú fēithe boss老板lǎo bǎngives给gěime我wǒa raise加薪jiā xīnI，我wǒthen才cáiwill会huìstay留下来liú xià lái。

  Only if the boss gives me a raise will I stay.

  Remember: only if (..., or otherwise…除非chú fēi = "the one exception that changes things." only if (..., or otherwise…除非chú fēi…only then / not until才cái… = "only if … then"; only if (..., or otherwise…除非chú fēi…otherwise否则fǒu zé… = "unless …, otherwise …." It's a close kin of only have ...只有zhǐ yǒu…only then / not until才cái…, both spotlighting the single needed condition.

  Watch out

  • only if (..., or otherwise…除非chú fēi…only then / not until才cái and only if (..., or otherwise…除非chú fēi…otherwise否则fǒu zé point opposite ways — only then / not until才cái leads to the good result, otherwise否则fǒu zé to the bad alternative.

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