因果関係の文型

• 19 因果関係の文型

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  19.1

  由于 — "due to, owing to"

  due to由于yóu yú はlanguage文wénのin advance先頭xiān tóuにcause原因yuán yīnをto set設定shè dìngします — "due to, owing to, because of"。because因为yīn wèi よりもフォーマルで、結果節jié guǒ jiéでは therefore因此yīn cǐ / so / therefore所以suǒ yǐ とセットでよくto make使shǐわれます。

  Structure: 由于 + Cause ，(因此 / 所以) ……

  due to由于yóu yúweather天气tiān qìreasons原因yuán yīnthe flight，航班háng bānwas cancelled取消qǔ xiāo了le。

  weather天候tiān hòuのall / both都dōuvariant of 合合héで、used in 便宜便biànはto cancel取消qǔ xiāoされました。

  due to由于yóu yúopinions意见yì jiàndiffering不一致bù yí zhìthe two，两liǎng位wèibosses老板lǎo bǎnstarted arguing吵chǎo了le起来qǐ lái。

  idea意見yì jiànがdifferent異yìなり、二人èr rénのboss上司shàng sīはto comment議論yì lùnをto begin始shǐめた。

  ** remember **：due to由于yóu yú = the formal because因为yīn wèi — it heads the cause and likes to hand off to therefore因此yīn cǐ / so / therefore所以suǒ yǐ for the result (due to由于yóu yú…，therefore因此yīn cǐ…). One pairing trap: because因为yīn wèi can pair with so / therefore所以suǒ yǐ, but due to由于yóu yú leans toward therefore因此yīn cǐ。

  Watch out

  • It's written-leaning — in casual speech because因为yīn wèi is far more common。

  19.2

  既然 … 就 … — "since, now that"

  since既然jì rán … then / just就jiù … reasons forward from an accepted fact — "since / now that A is so, then B." It stands on something already true and draws a suggestion or inference (often with that那nà / that那nàthen / just就jiù). It is not a hypothetical。

  Structure: 既然 + (given fact) ，(那) 就 + Suggestion / Inference

  since既然jì rányou你nǐso那么nà melike it喜欢xǐ huanthen just，那就nà jiùbuy it买mǎi吧ba。

  Since you like it so much, just buy it.

  since既然jì ráneveryone大家dà jiā都dōuisn't不bùinterested感兴趣gǎn xìng qùthen，就jiùchange换huàn个gethe topic话题huà tí吧ba。

  Since no one's interested, let's change the subject.

  ** remember **: since既然jì rán = "since (we both know) X is true…" — it builds on a given fact, then suggests (that那nàthen / just就jiù…). Contrast if如果rú guǒ / if要是yào shi, which build on an if. Fact → since既然jì rán; supposition → if如果rú guǒ.

  Watch out

  • The result is a suggestion or inference, usually led by that那nà / that那nàthen / just就jiù / then / just就jiù.

  19.3

  因此 — "therefore, as a result"

  therefore因此yīn cǐ ("because of this") rolls out a consequence — "therefore, as a result, for this reason." It's formal and common in writing, pairing naturally with a due to由于yóu yú / because因为yīn wèi cause.

  Structure: Cause ，因此 + Effect

  yesterday昨天zuó tiānit rained下雨xià yǔ了letherefore，因此yīn cǐI我wǒdidn't没有méi yǒugo out出门chū mén。

  It rained yesterday, so I didn't go out.

  she她tāin在zàithe countryside农村nóng cūngrew up长大zhǎng dàtherefore，因此yīn cǐwell很hěnunderstands了解liǎo jiěfarmers'农民nóng mín的delife生活shēng huó。

  She grew up in the countryside, so she understands rural life well.

  Remember: therefore因此yīn cǐ = "because of THIS, therefore…" (cause因yīn "because" + this此cǐ "this") — it introduces the effect. Formal cousin of so / therefore所以suǒ yǐ; pairs with a due to由于yóu yú / because因为yīn wèi cause.

  Watch out

  • It leads the result clause — the cause comes first, then therefore因此yīn cǐ + effect.

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