Worked check. A mitochondrion measures 14 mm on a photograph labelled ×20 000. Actual length $= 14\,000\ \mu\text{m} / 20\,000 = 0.7\ \mu$m. A nucleus that must be seen with its double membrane needs an electron microscope: the two membranes lie closer than a light microscope's resolution.
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Enlarge the image, preserve the real size
A 30 mm image of a 50 μm cell has magnification ×600. Resize the cell image and its 20 μm scale bar together, convert units consistently, and recover the same real cell size.
Mammalian gametes are specialised for delivery and provisioning: the sperm carries an acrosome (digestive enzymes), a midpiece of mitochondria and a flagellum; the egg contributes nearly all cytoplasm and a zona pellucida that locks out extra sperm after the cortical reaction. In flowering plants the pollen tube delivers two male nuclei: one fertilises the egg, the other the polar nuclei — double fertilisation.
DNA content per cell through the cell cycle, both meiotic divisions, gametes and fertilisation. Note the doubling in S phase and the two halvings.
Worked check. In the exponential phase, the growth-rate constant $k = (\log_{10} N_t - \log_{10} N_0)/(0.301 \times t)$. From $1 \times 10^4$ to $4 \times 10^7$ cells in 4 hours: $\log$ difference $= 3.602$, so $k = 3.602/(0.301 \times 4) \approx 3.0$ divisions per hour — about a 20-minute generation time.