HSK 4 Grammar 19: Cause & effect statements
HSK · HSK · HSK 4 Topik 19 3:18 Narasi bahasa Inggris · Subtitle bahasa Inggris + 中文 disematkan langsung
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Three cause-and-effect words. Youyu heads a formal cause. Jiran reasons forward from an accepted fact. Yinci rolls out the consequence. The tested choices are pairing, youyu leaning to yinci rather than suoyi, and the fact line, jiran building on what both speakers know rather than on a hypothesis.
Youyu is the formal yinwei. Youyu tianqi yuanyin, hangban quxiao le, due to the weather, the flight was cancelled. Youyu yijian bu yizhi, liang wei laoban chao le qilai, due to differing opinions, the two bosses started arguing. It heads the cause and likes to hand off to yinci for the result, and there is the pairing trap: yinwei can pair with suoyi, but youyu leans to yinci. It is written-leaning, so in casual speech yinwei is far more common.
Jiran reasons forward from something already true and known to both speakers. Jiran ni name xihuan, na jiu mai ba, since you like it so much, just buy it. Jiran dajia dou bu ganxingqu, jiu huan ge huati ba, since no one's interested, let's change the subject. The result is a suggestion or inference, usually led by na, najiu or jiu. Contrast ruguo and yaoshi, which build on an if: fact takes jiran, supposition takes ruguo.
Yinci means because of this, yin because plus ci this, and it introduces the effect. Zuotian xiayu le, yinci wo meiyou chumen, it rained yesterday, so I didn't go out. Ta zai nongcun zhangda, yinci hen liaojie nongmin de shenghuo, she grew up in the countryside, so she understands rural life well. The order is fixed: the cause comes first, and yinci leads the result clause. It is the formal cousin of suoyi, and it pairs naturally with a youyu or yinwei cause.
Here is the whole topic as one revision card. To head the cause, youyu formal or yinwei neutral. To reason from a known fact, jiran jiu. To introduce the effect, yinci formal or suoyi neutral. A full formal chain: youyu tianqi yuanyin, hangban quxiao, yinci qing lüke liuyi gaiqian xinxi, due to the weather the flight was cancelled, therefore please watch for rebooking information. The same chain in speech: yinwei xiayu, suoyi bisai quxiao le.
Pause and check both. First, youyu leans to yinci; yinwei is the one that pairs with suoyi. Second, jiran builds on a fact both speakers accept, which is why its result is a suggestion with najiu. The remaining review items: yinci introduces the effect, never the cause, and casual speech for due to the weather is yinwei xiayu, suoyi bisai quxiao le. Assemble one chain of your own before you close this deck.