Present perfect continuous

Berapa lama? Masa lampau yang berlangsung

• Present perfect continuous menunjukkan aksi yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berjalan (atau baru saja berhenti).
• I have been waiting for an hour. (Saya sudah menunggu selama satu jam.)
• Ini berfokus pada aktivitas dan durasi-nya.

I have been studying for hours; the kettle has been waiting just as long. (Saya sudah belajar selama berjam-jam; teko sudah menunggu sama lamanya.)

Bentuk: have been + -ing

• have / has been + verb-ing.
• She has been studying. They have been working. (Dia sudah belajar. Mereka sudah bekerja.)
• Bentuk singkat: I've been …, she's been ….

for dan since

• for + durasi waktu: for two hours (selama dua jam).
• since + titik awal: since this morning (sejak pagi ini).
• I have been living here for two years. (Saya telah tinggal di sini selama dua tahun.)

Continuous vs simple

• Continuous → aktivitas / durasi: I've been reading (masih berjalan).
• Simple → hasil: I've read it (selesai).
• State verbs (know, like, be) tidak mengambil bentuk continuous.

Kesalahan umum

• ❌ I am waiting for an hour. → ✓ I have been waiting for an hour. — durasi waktu membutuhkan bentuk perfect.
• ❌ How long are you living here? → ✓ How long have you been living here?
• ❌ She has been finished. → ✓ She has finished. — been hanya digunakan bersama -ing.