Golongan Menengah dan Injil
DiperkenalkanCorporations created a new class
- Corporations' need for managers and for male and female clerical workers, as well as increased access to educational institutions, fostered the growth of a distinctive middle class.
- The cause is corporate structure — 6.6's redesigned management needs people to run it.
- Male and female clerical workers puts women in the new middle class explicitly, which is the CED's own wording.
Pilih kedua penyebab golongan menengah baru.
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Penyebabnya adalah struktur korporat — kebutuhan manajemen di 6.6 membutuhkan orang-orang.
Leisure expanded consumption
- A growing amount of leisure time also helped expand consumer culture.
- Leisure is a resource like income: consumption requires both money and time to spend it.
- 6.4's Europe-facing analogue in unit 6 of the European course is the same point — consumer culture is a way of life, not just a market.
Social Darwinism and the Gospel of Wealth: the same premise, the opposite duty
Frasa The CED untuk tenaga kerja administratif baru adalah...
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Ini menempatkan wanita secara eksplisit dalam golongan menengah baru.
The Gospel of Wealth
- Some business leaders argued that the wealthy had a moral obligation to help the less fortunate and improve society, as articulated in the idea known as the Gospel of Wealth, and they made philanthropic contributions that enhanced educational opportunities and urban environments.
- Some, not most — and the CED records both the argument and the contributions that followed it.
- Two named results: educational opportunities and urban environments.
Sebuah sebab, efek sosial, atau Injil Kekayaan?
Kelompokkan setiap elemen peningkatan peluang.
Waktu luang penting bagi budaya konsumsi karena konsumsi memerlukan...
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Waktu luang adalah sumber daya seperti pendapatan.
Social Darwinism and the Gospel of Wealth accept the same outcome and differ on the duty. One says success at the top is appropriate and inevitable; the other says the wealthy have a moral obligation to help the less fortunate — which is why the same class could hold both at once.
Pilih kedua hasil dari kontribusi filantropis.
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'Beberapa' pemimpin bisnis, bukan mayoritas.
Gospel of Wealth against Social Darwinism
- 6.9's Social Darwinism says success at the top is appropriate and inevitable — so nothing is owed.
- The Gospel of Wealth says the wealthy have a moral obligation — so something is owed, voluntarily.
- Both accept the outcome and differ on the duty, which is why they could be held by the same class at the same time.
Pasangkan setiap doktrin dengan apa yang katanya menjadi hak.
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Keduanya menerima hasil dan berbeda pada kewajiban.
Opportunity and its effects
- The objective is the causes of increased economic opportunity and its effects on society.
- Causes: corporate demand for managers and clerks, and increased access to educational institutions.
- Effects: a distinctive middle class, expanded consumer culture, and philanthropy that reshaped schools and cities.
Two men agree that they earned everything they have. One concludes that he owes nothing; the other that he must give it away well. Their agreement is about the past and their disagreement is about the future.
Corporations' need for managers and for male and female clerical workers, as well as increased access to educational institutions, fostered the growth of a distinctive middle class, and a growing amount of leisure time also helped expand consumer culture. Some business leaders argued that the wealthy had a moral obligation to help the less fortunate and improve society, as articulated in the idea known as the Gospel of Wealth, and they made philanthropic contributions that enhanced educational opportunities and urban environments.