Kalor Jenis dan Konduktivitas Termal
| English | Bahasa Indonesia |
|---|---|
| specific heat capacity/spəˈsɪfɪk hiːt kəˈpæsɪti/ | kapasitas panas spesifik |
The sand scorches your feet, but the sea stays cool
- On a summer beach the sand burns your feet while the water beside it is refreshingly cool.
- Same sunshine — but water needs far more energy to warm up than sand does.
- How much heat a material needs per degree is its specific heat capacity 比热容.
- A related idea, thermal conductivity, sets how fast heat travels through it.
The heat equation
- The heat to change a temperature is $Q = mc\Delta T$.
- $m$ is the mass, $c$ the specific heat capacity, and $\Delta T$ the temperature change.
- A high $c$ (like water) means a lot of energy per degree — it heats and cools slowly.
- A low $c$ (like metal) means little energy per degree — it heats up fast.
Pemanasan material berbeda
Ubah material dan massa dan lihat berapa banyak panas yang dibutuhkan untuk kenaikan suhu tertentu.
Berapa banyak panas yang diperlukan untuk memanaskan $2\ \text{kg}$ air sebesar $10\ ^\circ\text{C}$? ($c = 4200\ \tfrac{\text{J}}{\text{kg}\cdot^\circ\text{C}}$.) Jawab dalam $\text{J}$.
$Q = mc\Delta T = 2 \times 4200 \times 10 = 84\,000\ \text{J}$.
Panas yang dibutuhkan untuk memanaskan suatu massa adalah $Q = m c \_\_$ (isi simbol yang hilang).
$Q = mc\Delta T$ — massa dikali kalor jenis dikali perubahan suhu.
Why water is special
- Water has an unusually high specific heat, so it stores lots of heat with little temperature change.
- This is why the sea warms and cools slowly, moderating coastal climates.
- It is also why water is used as a coolant in engines and power plants.
- Metals, with low $c$, respond to heat quickly — good for cooking pans.
Material dengan kapasitas kalor jenis tinggi:
Nilai $c$ yang tinggi (seperti air) berarti banyak energi per derajat, sehingga perubahan suhu lambat.
Mengapa air sering digunakan sebagai pendingin di mesin?
$c$ air yang tinggi menyerap panas tanpa menjadi terlalu panas — ideal untuk membawa panas menjauh.
Pilih semua pernyataan yang benar.
Tiga pertama benar. Yang terakhir menggambarkan konduktivitas, bukan kalor jenis.
Thermal conductivity
- Thermal conductivity measures how fast heat flows through a material.
- Metals conduct heat quickly (they feel cold because they draw heat from your hand).
- Insulators like wood, foam and air conduct slowly, trapping heat.
- Conductivity is about the speed of heat flow; specific heat is about how much heat to warm up.
Kalor jenis dan konduktivitas termal adalah sifat yang sama.
Kalor jenis adalah energi per derajat; konduktivitas adalah seberapa cepat panas mengalir melaluinya — konsep berbeda.
Don't confuse specific heat with thermal conductivity. Specific heat ($c$) is how much energy a material needs to change its temperature; conductivity is how fast heat passes through it. Water has a high specific heat but is a poor conductor.
How much heat warms $2\ \text{kg}$ of water by $10\ ^\circ\text{C}$? (Take $c = 4200\ \tfrac{\text{J}}{\text{kg}\cdot^\circ\text{C}}$.)
- $Q = mc\Delta T = 2 \times 4200 \times 10 = 84\,000\ \text{J}$.
The same heat would warm a metal of much lower $c$ far more than $10\ ^\circ\text{C}$.
Specific heat capacity $c$ is the heat per kilogram per degree: $Q = mc\Delta T$. A high $c$ (water) resists temperature change; a low $c$ (metal) heats up fast. Thermal conductivity is a different property — how fast heat flows through a material.