Pajak, pengangguran, dan PESTLE
Diperkenalkan| English | Makna |
|---|---|
| taxation/tækˈseɪʃn/ | Perpajakan |
| unemployment/ʌnemˈplɔɪmənt/ | Pengangguran |
| VAT/ˌviː eɪ ˈtiː/ | Pajak Pertambahan Nilai (PPN) |
| threats/θrets/ | Ancaman |
| opportunities/ɒpəˈtjuːnɪtiz/ | Peluang |
| emissions/ɪˈmɪʃnz/ | Emisi |
| globalisation/ˌɡləʊbəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ | Globalisasi |
| anticipate/ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ | memprediksi |
| adapt/əˈdæpt/ | beradaptasi |
Government, society and the law
- Beyond the economy, a business is shaped by taxes, employment levels, laws, technology and society.
- A useful checklist for all of this is PESTLE.
Laboratorium pengaruh eksternal
Klasifikasikan perubahan luar berdasarkan saluran yang memengaruhi bisnis.
Kenaikan pajak atas laba perusahaan kemungkinan akan:
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Pajak laba yang lebih tinggi meninggalkan perusahaan dengan lebih sedikit.
Bagi sebuah bisnis, pengangguran tinggi biasanya berarti:
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Permintaan turun, tetapi tenaga kerja lebih tersedia dan lebih murah.
Taxation 税收 and unemployment 失业
- Higher taxes (on profit, or VAT 增值税) cut profit and consumer spending.
- High unemployment means weaker demand but an easier, cheaper supply of labour.
PESTLE: six external forces acting on a business
Huruf manakah dalam PESTLE yang cocok dengan benar? (Pilih semua yang berlaku.)
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T berdiri untuk Teknologi, bukan Perpajakan.
Dalam PESTLE, huruf S berdiri untuk ______.
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PESTLE = Politik, Ekonomi, Sosial, Teknologi, Hukum, Lingkungan.
The PESTLE framework
- Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, Environmental.
- It is a structured way to scan the external environment for threats 威胁 and opportunities 机会.
Worked example. A delivery firm scans PESTLE: new emissions 排放 laws (Legal/Environmental), electric-van technology (Technological), and a rise in online shopping (Social) — together pointing to investing in an electric fleet.
Stacked shipping containers: globalisation 全球化 lets firms trade and produce worldwide
Faktor PESTLE merupakan bagian dari lingkungan eksternal yang tidak dapat dikendalikan secara langsung oleh perusahaan.
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Perusahaan dapat mengantisipasi dan beradaptasi, tetapi tidak dapat mengendalikannya.
Responding to external change
- Firms can't control PESTLE factors, but they can anticipate 预见 and adapt 调整.
- Good strategy turns external threats into opportunities.
Higher interest rates raise borrowing costs and cut spending
You've got it
- higher taxes cut profit and spending; high unemployment weakens demand but eases hiring
- PESTLE = Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, Environmental
- firms can't control these but can anticipate and adapt