Laporan ucapan

• 8 Laporan ucapan

  8.1

  Mengubah Kalimat Pernyataan Langsung

  

  

  Indirect speech (reported speech) digunakan untuk mengutip kembali ucapan orang lain, tanpa tanda kutip. Umumnya menggunakan said atau told:

  • say tidak diikuti oleh pendengar: He said (that) …
  • tell harus diikuti oleh pendengar: He told me (that) …

  他He 说said （连词）that 他he （过去）was 累tired.

  Dia mengatakan dia lelah. (ucapan asli: "I am tired.")

  Perhatian that dapat dihilangkan: He said he was tired. Maknanya sama.

  8.2

  Pergeseran Tenses

  Saat mengutip, jika kata kerja pengutip menggunakan past tense (said / told), tense dalam klausa biasanya mundur satu langkah:

  • am / is → was; are → were; do / does → did.
  • will → would; can → could; present perfect / simple past → past perfect.

  Direct speech: "I will help you," she said. (ucapan asli)

  Tidak langsung:

  她She 说said 她she 会would 帮help 我me.

  Dia mengatakan dia akan membantu saya. (will → would, I → she, you → me)

  Pronoun dan kata keterangan waktu juga harus berubah: I → he / she, now → then, today → that day, tomorrow → the next day.

  Perhatian jika yang dikutip adalah fakta universal, tense tidak perlu mundur: He said the sun rises in the east.

  Kesalahan Umum

  • ❌ ~~He said me the truth.~~ / ~~He told that he was busy.~~ → ✓ He told me… / He said (that)… — say tidak diikuti pendengar, tell harus diikuti pendengar, persis sebaliknya.
  • ❌ ~~He asked me where did I live.~~ → ✓ He asked me where I lived. — Pertanyaan yang dikutip harus diubah kembali menjadi urutan kalimat deklaratif, did hilang.
  • ❌ ~~She asked me that I was hungry.~~ → ✓ She asked me if / whether I was hungry. — Pertanyaan yes/no yang dikutip menggunakan if / whether, jangan pakai that.
  • ❌ ~~He said he will come tomorrow.~~ → ✓ He said he would come the next day. — Tense dan kata keterangan waktu harus mundur bersamaan.

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