Tips
Edexcel International A-Level Economics (XEC11/YEC11) begins with markets and market failure, then studies economic performance and policy. Later units develop business behaviour and the global economy. Demand and supply, incentives and opportunity cost help explain choices; aggregate models connect spending, output, employment and prices.
An economic model gives a conditional explanation. State what changes, trace the effect on consumers, firms or governments, and identify what must stay constant. Evaluation then considers how the result depends on the evidence, the time period and the assumptions. A balanced answer ends with a supported judgement about the case in the question.
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1
Pilihan, model dan penyesuaian pasar
- 1.1 Pilihan, model dan penyesuaian pasar
- 1.1 Introductory concepts
- 1.2 Consumer behaviour and demand
- 1.2 Elasticities of demand
- 1.3 Penawaran
- 1.4 Price determination, surplus and the price mechanism
- 1.4 Indirect taxes and subsidies
- 1.4 Checklist
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2
Kegagalan pasar dan intervensi pemerintah
- 2.1 Kegagalan pasar dan intervensi pemerintah
- 2.1 Sources of market failure
- 2.1 Eksternalitas
- 2.1 Public goods, information gaps, moral hazard and bubbles
- 2.2 Government intervention: purpose and methods
- 2.2 Government failure
- 2.2 Checklist
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3
Ukuran output, pengeluaran dan multiplier
- 3.1 Ukuran output, pengeluaran dan multiplier
- 3.1 Measures of economic performance
- 3.2 Aggregate demand
- 3.2 Aggregate supply
- 3.3 National income and the multiplier
- 3.4 Pertumbuhan ekonomi
- 3.4 Checklist
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4
Inflasi, pengangguran, dan penilaian kebijakan
- 4.1 Inflasi, pengangguran, dan penilaian kebijakan
- 4.1 Macroeconomic objectives
- 4.1 Conflicts between objectives
- 4.2 Supply-side policies
- 4.2 Demand-side policies and the central bank
- 4.2 Checklist
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5
Perusahaan, biaya, pertumbuhan, dan persaingan
- 5.1 Perusahaan, biaya, pertumbuhan, dan persaingan
- 5.1 Types, sizes and growth of businesses
- 5.1 Tujuan bisnis
- 5.1 Revenue, costs and profits
- 5.1 Ekonomi dan tidak ekonomis skala
- 5.2 Efficiency and concentration
- 5.2 Market structures: competition to monopoly
- 5.2 Monopsony and contestability
- 5.2 Checklist
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6
Pasar tenaga kerja dan intervensi pemerintah
- 6.1 Pasar tenaga kerja dan intervensi pemerintah
- 6.1 The demand for and supply of labour
- 6.1 Wage determination and labour market failure
- 6.2 Government intervention in product markets
- 6.2 Government intervention in labour markets
- 6.2 Checklist
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7
Globalisasi, perdagangan, dan keuangan internasional
- 7.1 Globalisasi, perdagangan, dan keuangan internasional
- 7.1 Globalisasi
- 7.1 Specialisation and comparative advantage
- 7.1 Terms of trade, trading blocs and protectionism
- 7.2 Balance of payments and exchange rates
- 7.2 International competitiveness
- 7.2 Checklist
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8
Kemiskinan, negara, dan pembangunan
- 8.1 Kemiskinan, negara, dan pembangunan
- 8.1 Kemiskinan
- 8.1 Ketidaksetaraan
- 8.1 Public expenditure, taxation and borrowing
- 8.1 Macroeconomic policies and the state
- 8.2 Growth and development
- 8.2 Checklist
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