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OxfordAQA · International GCSE · Physics נושא 6 4:57 קריאת קול באנגלית · תרגום אנגלי + סינית שרוף בתוך הסרטון
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OxfordAQA's sixth topic runs the full chain from the generator effect through the national grid's transformers to the appliances and safety systems of the home All statements in this topic are Paper-2 (P)
牛津AQA第六主题涵盖从发电机效应、国家电网变压器到家用电器及安全系统的完整链条。 本主题所有考点均属于纸二,P。
An induced potential difference appears across a conductor that moves through a magnetic field, or sits in a changing magnetic field.
当导体在磁场中运动,或处于变化的磁场中时,其两端会产生感应电势差。
The size of the induced p.d. grows with the speed, the field strength and the length of conductor in the field.
感应电势差的大小随速度、磁场强度和处于磁场中的导体长度增加而增大。
Reverse the motion or reverse the polarity, and the induced p.d. reverses direction.
若反向运动或反转极性,则感应电势差的方向也会反转。
This is the generator effect: kinetic energy converted to electrical energy.
这就是发电机效应:动能转化为电能。
From the station to the socket, every watt travels the same chain of coils and cables For a given power, high transmission voltage means low current and so little cable heating
从发电站到插座,每一瓦电力都经过相同的线圈和电缆链。 在给定功率下,高输电电压意味着低电流,从而减少电缆发热。
A current-carrying wire across a magnetic field feels a force (zero if parallel to it) Force grows with stronger field, bigger current and more wire in the field; reverse either to reverse the force — Fleming's left-hand rule 左手定则 predicts the direction
载流导线置于磁场中会受到力的作用,若与磁场平行则受力为零。 力的大小随磁场增强、电流增大以及处于磁场中的导线长度增加而增大。 反向任一因素均可使力的方向反转。 弗莱明左手定则可预测力的方向。
Power is energy transferred per second: P = E/t, and electrically P = I x V with energy E = V x Q. Domestic energy is metered in kilowatt-hours: E (kWh) = P (kW) x t (hours), and 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ. A 2 kW heater run for 3 hours transfers 6 kWh = 21.6 MJ. Check the unit of time matches the unit of power before multiplying.
功率是每秒转移的能量。 P 等于 E 除以 t。 在电学中,P 等于 I 乘以 V,其中能量 E 等于 V 乘以 Q。 民用电能以千瓦时计量。 E(单位:千瓦时)等于 P(单位:千瓦)乘以 t(单位:小时)。 一千瓦时等于 3.6 兆焦。 一个 2 千瓦的加热器运行 3 小时,转移的能量为 6 千瓦时,即 21.6 兆焦。 相乘前请检查时间单位与功率单位是否匹配。
Work each checklist line against the worked examples named in the handout.
对照讲义中列出的例题,逐一检查清单上的每一项。
Redo any line you cannot close without the handout open.
如果无法合上讲义独立完成某项练习,请重新做一遍。