Waste and pollution: trace the exposure route
הוצג| English | משמעות |
|---|---|
| pollution/pəˈluːʃn/ | זיהום |
| runoff/ˈrʌnɒf/ | ריצוף פני שטח |
What would explain this observation?
- Waste placed on land can later enter water. Classify the source and trace how organisms encounter it rather than assuming pollution 污染 stays where it begins.
Build the model
- More people and greater resource consumption can produce more waste.
- If waste and chemicals are not managed appropriately, pollution affects water, air and land.
- Water can receive sewage, fertilisers and toxic chemicals.
- Air pollution includes smoke and acidic gases.
- Land pollution includes landfill and toxic substances.
- pollution: Harmful contamination or environmental change from substances or waste.
- runoff 径流: Water moving over land and carrying materials into waterways.
Which chain explains one fertiliser-runoff effect?
רמת קושי 1/5 · 100 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
Fertiliser runoff adds nitrate and phosphate, algae bloom, decomposers then respire on the dead algae and consume oxygen - the eutrophication chain. Fertiliser becomes no fish, and pollution lowers biodiversity.
Match each technical term to its precise meaning.
רמת קושי 2/5 · 140 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
Use the definitions to distinguish related quantities and processes.
Choose evidence that can test it
- Pollutants can kill plants and animals or change the conditions needed for survival, reducing biodiversity.
- Fertiliser runoff can stimulate excessive algal growth; subsequent microbial decomposition can reduce dissolved oxygen and affect aquatic animals.
- This mechanism differs from a toxic substance directly poisoning an organism.
In the lab: Analyse a supplied source → movement → exposure → effect chain. Compare upstream/downstream records or matched sites, identifying other possible causes. Classroom investigations use prepared water-quality records or safe approved sampling, not sewage handling, toxic chemicals or deliberate pollution.
Which two habits make the investigation or model in this case more defensible?
רמת קושי 2/5 · 140 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
Stating the conditions and assumptions lets others repeat the work exactly, and recording the supporting evidence lets them check the conclusion. Hiding disagreeing results removes the evidence that could challenge a wrong conclusion, and one measurement can never establish a wider claim.
Work from known quantities
- Known: a fictional waste account contains 120 kg generated and 45 kg recovered for reuse or recycling.
- Unrecovered amount = 75 kg; recovery percentage = 45/120×100 = 37.5%.
- Unrecovered is not automatically all released as pollution: controlled treatment and disposal must also be considered.
Your turn: A model generates 160 kg of waste and recovers 60 kg. Calculate recovery percentage.
A model generates 160 kg of waste and recovers 60 kg. Calculate recovery percentage.
רמת קושי 2/5 · 140 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
The result is 37.5 %. Known: 160 kg generated; 60 kg recovered. Use percentage = recovered / generated x 100. Recovery = 60/160 x 100 = 37.5%. Unrecovered waste may still be treated rather than released.
Check the conclusion and its limits
- Pollution categories describe routes, not a rule that one substance affects only one medium.
- More recycling does not remove every production impact.
- An oxygen decline in water needs a supported mechanism; it is not proof that all pollution acts identically.
Not true: Every unrecycled kilogram is necessarily released directly into a river. Unrecycled waste can go to controlled treatment or safe disposal. Release into a river is one possible route, not an automatic consequence of non-recycling.
- More people and greater resource consumption can produce more waste.
- Pollutants can kill plants and animals or change the conditions needed for survival, reducing biodiversity.
- Watch for: pollution categories describe routes, not a rule that one substance affects only one medium.
Every unrecycled kilogram is necessarily released directly into a river.
רמת קושי 1/5 · 100 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
Unrecycled waste can go to controlled treatment or safe disposal. Release into a river is one possible route, not an automatic consequence of non-recycling.
Harmful contamination or environmental change from substances or waste: write the technical term.
רמת קושי 1/5 · 100 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
pollution means Harmful contamination or environmental change from substances or waste.