Carbon cycles through living and non-living stores
הוצג| English | משמעות |
|---|---|
| decomposer/ˌdiːkəmˈpəʊzə/ | מפרק |
| carbon cycle/ˈkɑːbən ˈsaɪkl/ | מחזור הפחמן |
What would explain this observation?
- Carbon in a leaf can enter an animal, a decomposer 分解者 or the air. A cycle traces atoms through several routes rather than one compulsory sequence.
Build the model
- Photosynthesis takes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into organic molecules in producers.
- Feeding transfers carbon-containing molecules to consumers.
- Plants, animals and microorganisms respire, releasing carbon dioxide.
- Decomposers break down dead material and waste; their respiration returns carbon dioxide and mineral ions return to the soil through decomposition.
- carbon cycle 碳循环: Transfers returning carbon through living and non-living components.
- decomposer: An organism breaking down dead organic material and waste.
Which process returns carbon dioxide from a plant to the air?
רמת קושי 1/5 · 100 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
Plants respire continuously, releasing carbon dioxide back to the air. Feeding moves carbon to the rabbit, and mineral absorption moves ions, not carbon dioxide.
Match each technical term to its precise meaning.
רמת קושי 2/5 · 140 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
Use the definitions to distinguish related quantities and processes.
Choose evidence that can test it
- Carbon can remain in organic stores, including fuels formed over long periods.
- Combustion releases carbon dioxide from carbon-containing fuels or biomass.
- Materials cycle between biotic and abiotic components and provide building blocks for later organisms.
- Energy transfers through the system rather than being recycled in the same way.
In the lab: Interpret a cycle diagram by naming the process at each arrow. Identify alternative routes out of a living organism: feeding, respiration or death and decomposition. Use stated stores and transfers in a mass balance; do not confuse a carbon amount with a carbon-dioxide volume unless a conversion is given.
Which two habits make the investigation or model in this case more defensible?
רמת קושי 2/5 · 140 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
Stating the conditions and assumptions lets others repeat the work exactly, and recording the supporting evidence lets them check the conclusion. Hiding disagreeing results removes the evidence that could challenge a wrong conclusion, and one measurement can never establish a wider claim.
Work from known quantities
- Known: in a closed fictional carbon account, plants gain 50 carbon units by photosynthesis, transfer 18 by feeding and release 12 by respiration during one interval.
- Net plant-store increase = 50−18−12 = 20 units, with all other transfers explicitly excluded.
- This is a store balance, not an energy-efficiency calculation.
Your turn: A model plant store gains 70 carbon units and loses 24 by feeding and 16 by respiration. Find net increase.
A model plant store gains 70 carbon units and loses 24 by feeding and 16 by respiration. Find net increase.
רמת קושי 2/5 · 140 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
The result is 30 carbon units. Known: gains 70; loses 24 by feeding and 16 by respiration. Net increase = 70 - 24 - 16 = 30 carbon units. All flows must be included before calling the balance.
Check the conclusion and its limits
- Plants both photosynthesise and respire.
- Decomposition does not make carbon disappear.
- Not every arrow goes from one organism to the next trophic level, and the nitrogen cycle is not required by this specification section.
Not true: Plants never release carbon dioxide by respiration. Plants respire day and night, releasing carbon dioxide just as animals do. Photosynthesis exceeds respiration only in good light - the two processes run in opposite directions.
- Photosynthesis takes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into organic molecules in producers.
- Carbon can remain in organic stores, including fuels formed over long periods.
- Watch for: plants both photosynthesise and respire.
Plants respire day and night, releasing carbon dioxide just as animals do.
רמת קושי 1/5 · 100 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
True. Plants respire day and night, releasing carbon dioxide just as animals do. Photosynthesis exceeds respiration only in good light - the two processes run in opposite directions.
Transfers returning carbon through living and non-living components: write the technical term.
רמת קושי 1/5 · 100 מטבעות + בונוס קטן בהשלמה הראשונה היום
carbon cycle means Transfers returning carbon through living and non-living components.