מניעים ואמצעים

Three kinds of motive

• European nations were driven by economic, political, and cultural motivations in their new imperial ventures in Asia and Africa.
• Three categories, and the CED gives no ranking — an answer naming only economics has taken a third of the claim.
• New matters too: this is intensification, not a first arrival, as 7.1 already said.

Weaponry made conquest cheap

• The development of advanced weaponry ensured the military advantage of Europeans over colonised areas.
• Ensured is strong — the CED is saying the outcome of the encounter was decided by the equipment.
• Unit 6's industry is what produced that equipment, so imperialism is an industrial consequence.

Motives are old, capability is new- only the second column explains the timing

Communication and transport made empire administrable

• Communication and transportation technologies facilitated the creation and expansion of European empires.
• Conquest is one problem; holding a territory a month's travel away is a different one.
• Telegraph and steamship shrink that month, which is what turns a conquest into an empire.

Medicine made presence possible

• Advances in medicine enabled European survival in Africa and Asia.
• Enabled survival is a blunt statement: before this, disease limited how long Europeans could stay.
• So a technological answer has three distinct parts — winning, governing, and staying alive.

Motivations and enablers are different questions

• 7.6 carries two objectives: the motivations that led to imperialism, and how technological advances enabled it.
• A motive explains why someone tries; an enabler explains why the attempt succeeded.
• Answering the enabler question with motives, or the reverse, is the commonest error here.