Darwin, and a Misuse
הוצגA scientific and material account
- Charles Darwin provided a scientific and material account of biological change and the development of human beings as a species.
- Material is doing specific work: the account requires no purpose and no designer.
- That is why it belongs to the objectivity pole of 7.1's tension — it explains without appealing to meaning.
'Material' in the CED's phrase means the account requires no...
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Which is why it belongs to the objectivity pole of 7.1's tension.
And, inadvertently, a justification
- ...and inadvertently, a justification for racialist theories that became known as Social Darwinism.
- Inadvertently is the CED's own word, and it separates the science from the use made of it.
- So the accurate sentence is that a scientific account was taken up to justify racial hierarchy, not that it entailed one.
The CED says Darwin ____ provided a justification for racialist theories.
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It separates the science from the use made of it.
Why the misuse was available
- A vocabulary of struggle, fitness and survival transfers easily to societies if nobody checks whether the transfer is valid.
- It also arrived exactly when 7.6's imperial ventures needed a justification, and 7.2's chauvinism needed a language.
- So the misuse is not a random error; it met a demand.
The science, the misuse, or the gap between?
Sort each statement about Darwin's influence.
Darwin's science logically entailed social hierarchy.
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False. The science was taken up to justify hierarchy; it did not entail one. Description is not instruction.
'Inadvertently' is the CED's own word, and it does the crucial work. Darwin provided a scientific and material account and inadvertently a justification for racialist theories — so the accurate sentence is that the science was taken up to justify racial hierarchy, not that it entailed one.
The misuse spread partly because it...
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Not a random error; it met a demand.
Keeping the two apart in an answer
- A strong response states the scientific claim, then states the social claim, then names the gap between them.
- The gap is that a description of how species change is not an instruction about how societies should be arranged.
- The CED has already done this work with one adverb; borrow it.
Put the parts of a strong answer in order.
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The CED has already done this work with one word.
Scientific and social developments
- The objective is how Darwin's theories influenced scientific and social developments.
- Scientific: a material account of change that reshaped biology and the standing of scientific explanation.
- Social: Social Darwinism, which the CED marks as an inadvertent consequence and a racialist theory.
A description of how a population changes over time says nothing about which people should govern which. Getting from the first to the second requires an extra step that is never argued for, only assumed — and naming that missing step is the whole of the analysis.
Charles Darwin provided a scientific and material account of biological change and the development of human beings as a species, and inadvertently, a justification for racialist theories that became known as Social Darwinism. Material means the account needs no purpose or designer; inadvertently separates the science from the use made of it. The misuse met a demand — imperial ventures needing justification, chauvinism needing a language.