מה רשתות המסחר עשו

Portugal built the first network

• The Portuguese established a commercial network along the African coast, in South and East Asia, and in South America in the late 15th and throughout the 16th centuries.
• The CED gives the geography precisely: three regions and roughly a century.
• A commercial network is a chain of posts along a route, which is the trading-post model rather than territorial rule.

The centre of European economic power moved

• The exchange of goods shifted the centre of economic power in Europe from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic states and brought the latter into an expanding world economy.
• That is a change inside Europe caused by activity outside it — the cleanest example in the unit.
• Italian cities that had dominated the Mediterranean trade did not decline because they got worse; the routes moved.

Economic power shifts from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic as oceanic routes open

The Columbian Exchange, both ways

• The exchange of new plants, animals and diseases — the Columbian Exchange — created economic opportunities for Europeans.
• In some cases it also facilitated European subjugation and destruction of indigenous peoples, particularly in the Americas.
• The CED writes both sentences, and an answer that gives only one has quoted half the subtopic.

The full statement of the consequences

• Europe's colonial expansion led to a global exchange of goods, flora, fauna, cultural practices and diseases, resulting in the destruction of some indigenous civilisations, a shift toward European dominance, and the expansion of the trade in enslaved persons.
• Three named results: destruction, dominance, an expanded trade in enslaved persons.
• The CED states them plainly, and the exam expects them stated plainly too.

Economic and social impacts, separately

• This subtopic carries two objectives — economic impact and social and cultural impact — and they take different evidence.
• Economic: the Atlantic shift, new goods, and the profits of a network.
• Social and cultural: cultural practices exchanged, civilisations destroyed, and populations enslaved.